İbrahim SEFAA, Selami BALCIB, Necmi ALTINA

Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu ile AA Hat Reaktörlerinin Tasarımı

Elektrik şebekesinden beslenen ve girişlerinde doğrultucu bulunan motor sürücüleri, kesintisiz güç kaynakları, AA gerilim ayarlayıcıları gibi elektronik cihazlar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yapıları gereği şebekeden doğrusal olmayan akım çeken bu cihazlar, besleme hattı boyunca doğrusal olmayan gerilim düşümlerine sebep olurlar. Bu durumda, önlem alınmadığı takdirde aynı hattan beslenen diğer alıcılar için de güç kalitesi problemleri doğar. Şebeke frekanslı dönüştürücülerin girişinde uygun şekilde tasarlanmış silisli sac nüveli reaktörlerin kullanılması ile çekilen harmonik akımların seviyesi belli oranlara düşürülebilmektedir. Nüve malzemesinin seçimi ve reaktörün boyutlandırılması, akımın harmonik seviyesinin düşürülme kabiliyeti ile reaktörde oluşacak kayıpların belirleyicisi olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, belirli bir hat akım değeri için nüveleri birbirinden farklı üç reaktör tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan reaktörlerin yük seviyesine bağlı endüktans değerlerindeki değişimleri görmek üzere, sonlu elemanlar metodu ile parametrik analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerin sonucunda reaktörlerin endüktans kararlılığı, kayıpları, standartlara uygunluğu gibi veriler karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Manyetik devre Ansys-Maxwell ile modellenmiştir. Reaktörün gerçekçi davranışlarını görmek için, manyetik devresinin Simplorer ile eşzamanlı benzetimi yapılmıştır.

Design of the AC Line Reactors With Finite Element Method

Electronic devices which are fed from the grid and have a rectifier frontend, such as motor drives, uninterruptible power supplies, AC voltage regulators are commonly used. These devices which draw non-linear current from the grid by nature cause the nonlinear voltage drops along the supply line. In this case, if precautions are not taken, power quality problems also appear for the other loads fed from the same line. Level of the harmonic currents drawn can be reduced to specific level by using reactors with silicon steel core at the input of the line frequency converters. Selection of the core material with the sizing of the reactors becomes the determiner of the harmonic reducing ability and of the losses of the reactor. In this study, three reactors with different core materials are designed for a specific line current value. In order to see the inductance value variations depending on the load level of the designed reactors, the parametric analysis have been performed by the finite element method. As a result of analysis, data like the reactor inductance stability, the losses and the standards compliance have been presented comparatively. Magnetic circuits have been modeled with Ansys-Maxwell and co-simulated with the Simplorer to see the realistic behaviors of the reactors.

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