Seçici Katalitik İndirgeme (SCR) Sistemi Ve Araçlara Adaptasyonu

Günümüzde artan dünya nüfusu ve bununla paralel olarak artış gösteren taşıt sayısının oluşturduğu egzoz gazlarının çevreye ve insan sağlığına olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirebilmek için her geçen gün daha sıkı denetimler yapılmakta ve sınırlandırmalar getirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda otomobil üreticilerinin yeni teknolojiler geliştirerek zararlı gaz salınımlarını azaltmaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada zararlı egzoz gazı salınımlarının insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerindeki negatif etkilerinden bahsedilmiş, otomotiv üreticilerinin bu salınımların azaltılması için yapmakta olduğu çalışmalar ve uygulanan teknolojiler incelenmiştir. Dizel araçlarda açığa çıkan zararlı azot oksit miktarını sınırlandırmak için uygulanan en yeni ve gelişmiş teknoloji olan SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) olarak adlandırılan seçici katalitik indirgeme metodu analiz edilmiş, azot oksit miktarının minimize edilmesi için gerçekli olan şartlar ve sonucunda oluşan kimyasal reaksiyon ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca yöntemin diğer teknolojilere göre avantaj ve dezavantajları incelenirken, araçlara uygulanmasındaki kritiklikler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Seçici katalitik indirgeme metodu, SCR sistemi, dizel, emisyon, azot oksit, üre, amonyum

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System and Adapting On the Vehicles

More challenging controls are being carried out every day and limitations are brought to reduce the negative effects of the exhaust gases generated by the number of vehicles that is increasing in parallel with world population on the environment and human health. Because of this reason, automotive companies need to develop new technologies to reduce harmful gas emissions. In this research, negative effects of harmful exhaust gases on human health and environment, new technologies and studies that automotive manufacturers are performing to reduce these emissions have been discussed. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method which is the most advanced technology applied to limit the amount of harmful nitrogen oxides in diesel vehicles has been analyzed, required conditions for minimizing the amount of nitrogen oxide and the chemical reactions are explained. Also the advantages and disadvantages of the method compared to other technologies have been examined and criticalities in adaptation on the vehicles have been discussed.

Keywords:

Selective Catalytic Reduction method, SCR system, diesel, emission, nitrogen oxide, urea, ammonia,

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