Musa ATAR, Şekip Şadiye YAŞAR

Ahşap Koruyucuların Sapsız Meşe (Quercus Petreae L.) Ağacının Yanma Özelliklerine Etkileri

Bu çalışma, ahşap koruyucu ile emprenye edilmiş, üst yüzey işlemleri uygulanmış sapsız meşe (Quercus petraea L.) odununun yanma özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu maksatla ASTM–E 160-50 ‘ye göre hazırlanan sapsız meşe örnekleri ASTM-D 1413-76 ‘ya göre tanalith-E ve wolmanit-CB ile emprenye edilmiş, ASTM-D 3023’ e göre sentetik ve su bazlı vernik ile verniklenmiştir. Yanma deneyi, alev kaynaklı yanma (CWF), kendi kendine yanma (CWOF)ve kor halde yanma (ECP) olmak üzere 3 aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yanma deneyi ile ağırlık kaybı, toplam yanma süresi, yıkılma süresi ve CWF, CWOF ve ECP periyotlarındaki yanma sıcaklık değerleri belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; emprenye uygulamaları toplam yanma süresini %15-18 arasında arttırmış, yıkılma süresini azaltmıştır. Vernik çeşitlerin tam tersi sonuçlar elde edilmiş, toplam yanma süresi %19-21 arasında azalmış, yıkılma süresi %10-22 arasında artmıştır. Alev kaynaklı aşamasında yanma sıcaklığı en yüksek su bazlı vernikli (490 o C), en düşük vernik uygulanmayan örneklerde (458 o C), alev kaynağı olamadan kendi kendine yanmada en yüksek su bazlı vernikte (572 o C), en düşük sentetik vernik uygulanan örneklerde (544 o C), kor halde yanmada en yüksek sıcaklık vernik uygulanmayan örneklerde (306.5 o C), en düşük sentetik vernik uygulanan örneklerde (262.7 °C) elde edilmiştir.

The Effects of Wood Preservatives on the Combustion Characteristics of Sessile Oak (Quercus Petreae L.)

This study carried out to determine the combustion properties of the sessile oak wood (Quercus petraea L.) which impregnated with wood preservative and subjected to surface treatments. For this purpose, the samples, which were prepared from sessile oak wood according to ASTM–E 160-50 combustion principles, impregnated with wolmanit-CB (WC) and tanalith-E (T) in accordance with ASTM-D 1413-76 and then synthetic (St) and Water-based (wb) varnishes were applied according to ASTM-D 3023. The combustion test was carried out in 3 stages, combustion with flame (CWF), self-combustion without flame source (CWOF) and ember combustion stage (ECP). It was aimed to determine the combustion temperature values in CWF, CWOF and ECP stage, weight loss, total combustion time and demolition time.As a result, impregnation applications have increased the total combustion time to between 15-18% and reduced the demolition period. The exact opposite results were obtained for the varnish types, the total combustion time was reduced by 19-21% and the demolition time increased by 10-22%. In CWF stage, the highest temperature was obtained in water-based varnished samples (490 °C), the lowest in non-varnished samples (458 °C); in CWOF stage the highest temperature in water-based varnished samples (572 °C), the lowest in synthetic varnished samples (544 °C); and in ECP stage the highest temperature in non-varnished samples (306.5 °C), the lowest in the samples with the synthetic varnished (262.7 °C).

PDF

___

Archer K. Lebow S., “Wood preservation,” Prim. Wood Process. Princ. Pract., 297–338, (2006).
Keskin H. and Dağlıoğlu N., “Effects of impregnation with Tanalith-E on the compression strength of some woods”, Journal of Polytechnic, 20(3): 711-716, (2017).
Yasar ŞŞ., Fidan MS., Yaşar M., Atar M., Alkan E., “Combustion properties of impregnated spruce ( Picea orientalis L.) wood. Construction and Building Materials, 143: 574–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.141, (2017).
Fidan MS., Yaşar ŞŞ., Yaşar M., Atar M., Alkan E., “Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood ( Cedrus libani )”, Forest Products Journal, 66(5–6): 290–299, (2016).
Yasar ŞŞ., Fidan MS., Yaşar M., Atar M., “Influences of Seasonal Alterations on The Burning Characteristics of Impregnated and Surface Treated Chestnut (Castanea Sativa Mill) Wood”, Wood Research, 61: 399–412, (2016).
Fidan MS., Yaşar ŞŞ., Yaşar M., Atar M., Alkan E., “Effect of seasonal changes on the combustion characteristics of impregnated cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood”. Construction and Building Materials, 106: 711–720, (2016).
Ibach RE., “Biological Properties of Wood” Handb. Wood Chem. Wood Compos., 5: 99–126, (2013).
US EPA, O. (n.d.). "Overview of Wood Preservative Chemicals". website. [Online]: Access, URL: https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide- products/overview-wood-preservative-chemicals, (2017).
Browne F., “Theories of the combustion of wood and its control,” Collections, (2136): 72, (1958).
Ibach R.E., “Biological Properties of Wood”. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, 5: 99–126, (2013).
McIntyre C.R., Burley J., Evans J., Youngquist J., (Eds.), “Protection from Fire” in Encyclopedia of Forest Science, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1283–1288, (2004).
Jiang J., Li J., Gao Q., “Effect of flame retardant treatment on dimensional stability and thermal degradation of wood”. Construction and Building Materials, 75: 74–81, (2015).
Bozkurt A., Göker Y., Erdin N., “Emprenye Tekniği”, Istanbul University,. Faculty of Forestry, 3779/425, 429 s, (1993).
Lee HL., Chen GC., Rowell RM., “Thermal properties of wood reacted with a phosphorus pentoxide–amine system”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 91: 2465–2481, (2004).
Lee HL., Chen GC., Rowell RM., “Fungal decay resistance of wood reacted with phosphorus pentoxide–amine system”, Holzforchung 58, 311– 315, (2004).
Keskin H., Atar M., Izciler M., “Impacts of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of the laminated wood materials produced combination of beech and poplar veneers”, Construction and Building Materials, 23(2): 634-643, (2009).
Keskin H., Erturk N.S., Colakoglu M.H., Korkut, S., “Combustion properties of Rowan wood impregnated with various chemical materials”, Int. J. Phys. Sci. 8 (19) 1022–1028, (2013).
Özçifçi A. “Renk açıcı kimyasal maddelerin sapsız meşe odununun yanma özelliklerine etkileri”, Z.K.Ü.K.T.E.F. Teknoloji Dergisi, 3-4: 63-72, (2001).
B. Uysal and A. Özçifçi, “The effects of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of laminated wood material,” Combust. Sci. Technol., 176(1): 117– 133, (2004).
Hawley Lee F., “Combustion of Wood”, Chapter 19 in Wood Chemistry by Louis E. Wise and Edwin C. Jahn, 2nd ed., Reinhold, New York, (1952).
Rowell RM., Dietenberger MA., “Thermal Combustion , and Fire Retardancy of Wood,” Handb. Wood Chem. Wood Compos., 127–149, (2013).
Yang H., Yan R., Chen H., Lee DH., Zheng C., “Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis,” Fuel, 86( 12–13): 1781–1788, (2007).
Marney DCO, Russell LJ., “Combined fire retardant and wood preservative treatments for outdoor”, Wood Applications – a review of the literature, Fire Technol. 44: 1–14, (2008).
Baysal E., ‘‘Determination of Oxygen Index Levels and Thermal Analysis of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Impregnated with Melamine Formaldehyde–boron Combinations’’, Journal of Fire Science, 20: 373– 389, (2002).
Lewin M., ‘‘Flame Retarding Wood by Chemical Modification with Bromate-bromide Solutions’’, Journal of Fire Science, 15: 29–51. (1997).
Lopez R.A. (patenti bulan), “Fire Retardant Compositions and Methods for Preserving Wood Products”, United States Patent No. 6,620,349. Patent is still current, (2003).
Ozkaya K., “The effect of potassium carbonate , borax and wolmanit on the burning characteristics of oriented strandboard ( OSB )”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, pp. 1457–1462, (2007).
Baysal E., “Fire Properties of Beech Wood ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) Treated with Fire Retardants and Plant Extracts ”, F.Ü. Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1): 123-134, (2003).
Tomak ED., Baysal E., Peker H., “The effect of some wood preservatives on the thermal degradation of Scots pine,” Thermochim. Acta, 547: 76–82, (2012).
Hemel Product Catalog, website. [Online]. Access, URL: http://hemel.com.tr (2017).
Bozkurt Y., Göker Y., Erdin N., “Emprenye tekniği”, İ.Ü.Orman Fak. Yayınları, İstanbul, 3779 (425): 125, 135, (1993).
Atar M., “Renk açıcı kimyasal maddelerin ağaç malzemede üstyüzey işlemlerine etkileri”, Doktora Tezi, G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara, (1999).
ASTM D 3023, “Standard practice for determination of resistance of factory applied coatings on wood products to stains and reagent”, ASTM Standards, U.S.A., 1-3. (1998).
ASTM E 160-50, “Standard test method for combustible properties of treated wood by the cribe test”, ASTM Standards West Conshohocken, PA, USA, (1975).
Cavdar AD., “Effect of various wood preservatives on limiting oxygen index levels of fir wood,” Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., 50(1): 279–284, (2014).
ASTM-D 1413-76, “Standart test methods of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soilblock cultures”, Annual Book of Astm Standarts. USA, 452-460. (1976).
TS 6035 EN ISO 3251, “Paints, varnishes and plastics - Determination of non-volatile matter content”, TSE, Ankara, 51, (2005).
Atar, M., Yalinkilic, A.C., Aksoy, E., “Impacts Of Bleaching Process On Combustion Properties Of Some Wood Materials”, TUBITAK Project, Project Code: 109O043, Manager of Project: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Musa ATAR, Ankara (2010).