İÖ. 3. Yüzyılda Küçük Asya’da Komutan olarak görev yapan Ptolemaios’lar ve İkinci ve Üçüncü Suriye Savaşları sırasında Ephesos ve Mylasa’ya bir Bakış

Ptolemaios II Philadelphos ve Ptolemaios III Euergetes’in hükümdarlıkları sırasında, pek çok kaynak aynı isimli kişilerin Küçük Asya’nın batısında seçkin mevkilerde iş başında olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, bilim insanları günümüze dek çoğunlukla Ptolemaios’lar Hanedanlı’ğının önde gelen iki ya da tek bir temsilcisini tespit edebilmişlerdir. Yaygın görüş onu, Lysimakhos ve II. Arsione’nin oğlu ve aynı zamanda II. Ptolemaios’un evlatlığı ve halefi olarak tayin edilmiş olan Ptolemaios olarak kabul etmektedir. Bu kişinin, İÖ. 259 yılında isyan etmeden önce İÖ. 260’lı yıllarda Ege donanmasında Ptolemaios’ların başkumandanı olarak görev yaptığına ve üvey babası tarafından affedildikten sonra İÖ. 246’da Euergetes tarafından geri çağrılıncaya dek Telmessos’ta bir prensliğe çekildiğine inanılmaktadır. Onun, Mylasa vatandaşları ile yerel dynast Olympikhos arasında yak. İÖ. 244 yılındaki mektuplaşmalarda bahsi geçen “Kardeş Ptolemaios” olduğu eğilimi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Athenaios’un bildirdiğine göre, “Oğul Ptolemaios”, tıpkı “Andromakhos olarak da bilinen Ptolemaios” gibi (P. Haun. 6) Ephesos’ta öldürülmüştür. Eğer bu eşleştirme gerçekten de doğruysa, cinayet Telmessos’taki Ptolemaios’un yak. İÖ. 239 yılında son defa belgelenmesinin ardından gerçekleşmiştir. Yazar, bu makalesinde bu ve benzeri kurgulamaları masaya yatırmakta ve barındırdıkları sayısız anormallik ve tutarsızlıklara dikkat çekerek onları kesin olarak reddetmektedir. II. Antiokhos, Antiokhos Hieraks ve II. Seleukos döneminde Seleukoslar ve Ptolamioslar arasında karşılıklı ilişkilerden yaptığı çok daha sağlam temeller üzerine oturmuş kurgulamalara dayanarak yazar, aynı ismi taşıyan bu dört kişiyi birbirinden ayırmaktadır. Buna göre, ilk Ptolemaios Lysimakhos ve II. Arsinoe’nin oğlu olup İÖ. 270’li yıllarda kaynaklardan kaybolmuştur. İkincisi, yani “Oğul Ptolemaios” I. Arsione’nin oğlu ve Euergetes’in öz kardeşi olup II. Antiokhos 258 yılında Ephesos’u ele geçirmek üzereyken kentte çıkan bir isyan sırasında ölmüştür. Üçüncüsü, yani “Ptolemaios epiklesin Andromakhos”, Philadelphos’un öz oğluydu ve bu yüzden Euergetes’in kardeşi Ptolemaios ile özdeşti ve Andromakhos oğlu, İÖ. 251 yılında İskenderiye’de Aleksandros ve Theoi Adelphoi’un rahibi Ptolemaios’un ise babasıydı. O da İ.S. 244 yılından bir süre sonra Ephesos’ta öldü. Dördüncüsü, “Telmessos’taki Ptolemaios” ise Philadelphos ve I. Arsione’nin bir diğer oğluydu ve Theokritos’a göre II. Arsinoe tarafından evlat edinilmişti. Yazar, yaptığı bu yeni özdeşleştirmelerle hem İÖ. 3. yüzyılda yaşanan güç değişimleri ve büyük olaylara hem de Seleukos ve Ptolemaios Hanedanlıklarının tarihine dair yaptığı yeni kurgulamaları büyük ölçüde pekiştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ptolemaios’lar, Seleukos’lar, Küçük Asya, Ephesos, Telmessos

Ptolemaioi as Commanders in 3rd-Century Asia Minor and Some Glimpses on Ephesos and Mylasa during the Second and Third Syrian Wars

During the rules of Ptolemy II Philadelphos and Ptolemy III Euergetes, several sources attest namesakes operating in western Asia Minor in distinguished positions. On this basis, scholars have so far identified mostly two or even one single prominent representative(s) of the House of the Ptolemies. The prevailing unitarian reconstruction regards him as Ptolemy, son of Lysimachos and Arsinoe II, and at the same time as the adoptive son and designated successor of Ptolemy II, he is believed to have functioned as Ptolemaic commander-in-chief of the Aegean fleet in the 260s BC, before revolting in Ephesos in 259, pardoned by his adoptive father, he would have retired to a principality in Telmessos until his recall by Euergetes in 246. He tends to be identified with ‘Ptolemy the Brother’ mentioned in the correspondence between the local dynast Olympichos and the citizens of Mylasa in ca. 244. ‘Ptolemy the Son’ is reported to have been killed in Ephesos by Athenaios, just as a certain ‘Ptolemy epiklesin Andromachos’ (P. Haun. 6). If indeed identical, his murder occurred after the last attestation of ‘Ptolemy of Telmessos’ in ca. 239. This and similar reconstructions have always been fraught with numerous inconsistencies and anomalies, but can now firmly be rejected based on more reliable reconstructions of Seleukid-Ptolemaic interactions under Antiochos II, Antiochos Hierax and Seleukos II. As a result, we should distinguish four namesakes: first, Ptolemy, son of Arsinoe II and Lysimachos, who vanished from our sources in the 270s. Second, ‘Ptolemy the Son’, born to Arsinoe I and full brother of Euergetes, who died in a revolt in Ephesos while Antiochos II was about to capture the city in 258. Third, ‘Ptolemy epiklesin Andromachos’ was a natural son of Philadelphos, thus identical with ‘Ptolemy the Brother’ of Euergetes, he was the father of Ptolemy, son of Andromachos and priest of Alexander and the Theoi Adelphoi in Alexandria 251/50, he also died in Ephesos sometime after 244. Fourth, ‘Ptolemy of Telmessos’ was another son of Philadelphos and Arsinoe I, later adopted by Arsinoe II, as attested by Theokritos. These new identifications substantially impact our reconstruction of major events and changes of power in 3rd-century Asia Minor as well as of the dynastic histories of the Seleukids and Ptolemies.

Keywords:

Ptolemies, Seleukids, Asia Minor, Ephesos, Telmessos,

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