Diocletianus’un Aphrodisias’tan İ.S. 1/9/301 Tarihli Revalüasyon Fermanı Üzerine Notlar

301 yılına ait iki düzenleme – Maksimum Fiyat Fermanı ve Sikke Değerlerinin Revalüasyonu Fermanı – imparatorluğun ekonomik ve mali politikasına yönelik bu iki meseleyi bir bütünlük içinde belgeleyecek şekilde sadece Aphrodisias’ta beraber yayımlanmıştır. Tedavüldeki sikkelerin Tetrarkhlar Döne-mi’nde vuku bulan bu revalüasyon süreci Roma İmparatorluğu’nda ve hatta tüm Antik Dünya’da sikkelerin nominal değerlerinin manipülasyonuna dair en iyi veriyi sunmaktadır. Her iki düzenleme dönemin para politikası ışığında Geç Antik Dönem’in ekonomi ve parasal değer tarihçesini anlayabilmek için kilit önemdedir. Aurelianus’un değer manipülasyonundan beri süre giden ve oldukça vahim sonuçlar doğuran yeniden değerleme deneyimlerinin ardından, bu sefer adı geçen Fiyat Fermanı’nın kendisi takip eden aşamada aureus’tan daha düşük bütün sikkelerin nominal değerlerinin – bunların güvenilirlikleri üzerindeki baskının artmasına yol açacak şekilde – iki katına çıkarılması amacına yönelik olarak fiyat istikrarının kanun zoruyla sağlanmasını koşullamış olmalıdır. Her halükarda kamu harcamaları için duyulan sikke ihtiyacı yarı yarıya azalmış olmalıdır. Sikke değerlerine yönelik düzenlemeyi içeren bu son derece önemli belgenin, 1990 yılında bulunan fragmanları da içerecek yeni edisyonu he-nüz yayımlanmamıştır. Yazar makalesinde metnin birçok kısmı için yeni tamamlama önerilerinde bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aphrodisias, sikke değerlerinin revalüasyonu fermanı, maksimum fiyat fermanı, tedavül değerlerinin manipülasyonu, Roma sikkeleri ve tedavülü

Anmerkungen zum Währungsedikt Diocletians vom 1.9.301 n. Chr. aus Aphrodisias

Only in Aphrodisias both imperial regulations of 301, the Maximum Price Edict and the Edicts of Currency Revaluation, were published together documenting also the coherence of both issues of imperial economic and financial policy. The tetrarchic revaluation of the circulating coins gives us the best evidence for the manipulation of nominal currency values in the Roman Empire and in Antiquity. Both regulations were key documents for our understanding of the monetary policy in the period leading into the history of economy and currency in Late Antiquity. After the fatal experiences with the revalorizations since Aurelian’s value manipulation, this time the price edict should impose price stability by law for the following doubling of the nominal values of all coins below the aureus and thus overstressing of their fiduciary nature. The need of coins for the public expenditures should be halved. A new edition of this so important text of the currency regulation including the substantial new fragments found in 1990 is not yet published. New reconstructions of several parts of the text are proposed in the article.

Keywords:

Aphrodisias, Edict of Currency Revaluation, Maximum Price Edict, Roman coinage and currency, manipulation of currency values,

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