Sözleşmeye dayalı ve ilişkisel yönetişim, tedarikçi entegrasyonu ve yeni ürün performansı: Tedarikçi bağımlılığının ve tedarikçiye özel yatırımın düzenleyici rolleri

Bu çalışma, tedarikçi entegrasyonunun yönetimine ilişkin daha derin bir anlayış ve gelişmekte olan ekonomilerdeki şirketlerin yeni ürün performansını artırmak için bu ilişkileri yönetmesi gereken yolların daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlar. İlişkisel yönetişim, işlem maliyeti ve kaynak bağımlılığı teorilerinin merceğinden bakıldığında, ilişkisel ve sözleşmeye dayalı yönetişimin, tedarikçi bağımlılığına bağlı tedarikçi entegrasyonunun sonucu üzerindeki etkileri ve tedarikçiye özel yatırımlar arasında ayrım yapıyoruz. Türkiye'de 125 ikiliden (125 üretici ve 125 ana tedarikçi) oluşan ikili bir anket verilerinin analizi, tedarikçi bağımlılığının sözleşmeli yönetişim ile tedarikçi entegrasyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi geliştirirken ilişkisel yönetişim – tedarikçi entegrasyonu ilişkisini azalttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, tedarikçiye özel yatırımın tedarikçi entegrasyonu ile yeni ürün performansı arasındaki ilişki üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğunu gösteren deneysel kanıtlar sunuyoruz. Ayrıca, sözleşmeye dayalı yönetişim ile yeni ürün performansı arasındaki dolaylı ilişkinin, yüksek düzeyde tedarikçi bağımlılığında ve düşük/orta düzeyde tedarikçiye özel yatırımlarda en yüksek seviyede olduğunu bulduk. Tersine, ilişkisel yönetişimin, düşük tedarikçi bağımlılığı ve tedarikçiye özel yatırım seviyelerinde yeni ürün performansı ile en güçlü ilişkiye sahip olduğunu keşfettik.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sozlesmeye dayali yonetisim, iliskisel yonetisim, tedarikci entegrasyonu, tedarikci bagimliligi, tedarikciye ozel yatirim

Contractual and relational governance, supplier integration and new product performance: Moderating roles of supplier dependence and supplier-specific investment

This study provides deeper insight into the management of supplier integration and a better understanding of ways that companies in emerging economies should govern these relationships to enhance new product performance. Looking through the lens of relational governance, transactional cost and resource dependence theories, we distinguish between the effects of relational and contractual governance on the outcome of supplier integration conditional to supplier dependence and supplier-specific investments. An analysis of a dyadic survey data, which consists of 125 dyads (i.e., 125 manufacturers and 125 main suppliers) in Turkey reveals that supplier dependence enhances the relationship between contractual governance and supplier integration while decreasing the relational governance – supplier integration relationship. In addition, we offer empirical evidence to suggest that supplier-specific investment has a negative effect on the relationship between supplier integration and new product performance. We also find that the indirect relationship between contractual governance and new product performance is at its highest at high levels of supplier dependence and low/medium levels of supplier-specific investments. Conversely, we discover that relational governance has the strongest relationship with new product performance at low levels of supplier dependence and supplier-specific investment.

Keywords:

Contractual and relational governance, supplier integration, new product performance, supplier dependence, supplier-specific investment,

PDF

___

Achrol, R. S., & Gundlach, G. T. (1999). Legal and social safeguards against opportunism in exchange. Journal of Retailing, 75(1), 107-124.
Ahuja, G., & Morris Lampert, C. (2001). Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6‐7), 521-543.
Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage.
Alfalla-Luque, R., Medina-Lopez, C., & Dey, P. K. (2013). Supply chain integration framework using literature review. Production Planning & Control, 24(8-9), 800-817.
Anderson, E., & Jap, S. D. (2005). The dark side of close relationships. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(3), 75.
Arranz, N., & De Arroyabe, J. F. (2012). Effect of formal contracts, relational norms and trust on performance of joint research and development projects. British Journal of Management, 23(4), 575-588.
Bain, J. S. (1968). Industrial organization. New York: Wiley.
Barney, J. B., & Hansen, M. H. (1994). Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S1), 175-190.
Bensaou, M., & Anderson, E. (1999). Buyer-supplier relations in industrial markets: when do buyers risk making idiosyncratic investments?. Organization Science, 10(4), 460-481.
Bresnen, M. (1996). An organizational perspective on changing buyer-supplier relations: a critical review of the evidence. Organization, 3(1), 121-146.
Briody, E. K., Cavusgil, S. T., & Miller, S. R. (2004). Turning three sides into a delta at General Motors: enhancing partnership integration on corporate ventures. Long Range Planning, 37(5), 421-434.
Buchanan, L. (1992). Vertical trade relationships: the role of dependence and symmetry in attaining organizational goals. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(1), 65-75.
Buchanan, L. (1992). Vertical trade relationships: the role of dependence and symmetry in attaining organizational goals. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(1), 65-75.
Cai, J., Cheng, J., Shi, H., & Feng, T. (2022). The impact of organisational conflict on green supplier integration: the moderating role of governance mechanism. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(2), 143-160.
Cai, S., & Yang, Z. (2008). Development of cooperative norms in the buyer‐supplier relationship: the Chinese experience. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(1), 55-70.
Cannon, J. P., Achrol, R. S., & Gundlach, G. T. (2000). Contracts, norms, and plural form governance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 180-194.
Cao, Z., & Lumineau, F. (2015). Revisiting the interplay between contractual and relational governance: A qualitative and meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Operations Management, 33, 15-42.
Carey, S., Lawson, B., & Krause, D. R. (2011). Social capital configuration, legal bonds and performance in buyer–supplier relationships. Journal of Operations Management, 29(4), 277-288.
Carr, A. S., Kaynak, H., Hartley, J. L., & Ross, A. (2008). Supplier dependence: impact on supplier's participation and performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 28(9), 899-916.
Chae, S., Choi, T. Y., & Hur, D. (2017). Buyer power and supplier relationship commitment: A cognitive evaluation theory perspective. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 53(2), 39-60.
Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. economica, 4(16), 386-405.
Das, A., Narasimhan, R., & Talluri, S. (2006). Supplier integration—finding an optimal configuration. Journal of Operations Management, 24(5), 563-582.
Dong, W., Ma, Z., & Zhou, X. (2017). Relational governance in supplier-buyer relationships: The mediating effects of boundary spanners' interpersonal guanxi in China's B2B market. Journal of business research, 78, 332-340.
Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. (1987). Developing buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51(2), 11-27.
Dyer, J. H., & Hatch, N. W. (2006). Relation‐specific capabilities and barriers to knowledge transfers: creating advantage through network relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 27(8), 701-719.
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
Dyer, J. H., Singh, H., & Hesterly, W. S. (2018). The relational view revisited: A dynamic perspective on value creation and value capture. Strategic Management Journal, 39(12), 3140-3162.
Eckerd, S., & Sweeney, K. (2018). The role of dependence and information sharing on governance decisions regarding conflict. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 29(1), 409-439.
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994). An introduction to the bootstrap. CRC press.
Emerson, R. M. (2019). Power-dependence relations. In Power in modern societies (pp. 48-58). Routledge.
Faems, D., Janssens, M., Madhok, A., & Looy, B. V. (2008). Toward an integrative perspective on alliance governance: Connecting contract design, trust dynamics, and contract application. Academy of Management Journal, 51(6), 1053-1078.
Flynn, B. B., Huo, B., & Zhao, X. (2010). The impact of supply chain integration on performance: A contingency and configuration approach. Journal of Operations Management, 28(1), 58-71.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Frazier, G. L. (1983). On the measurement of interfirm power in channels of distribution. Journal of Marketing Research, 20(2), 158-166.
Frohlich, M. T., & Westbrook, R. (2001). Arcs of integration: an international study of supply chain strategies. Journal of Operations Management, 19(2), 185-200. Ganesan, S. (1994). Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 1-19.
Gelderman, C. J., & Van Weele, A. J. (2004, April). Determinants of dependence in dyadic buyer-supplier relationships. In 13th International IPSERA Conference, Catania, Italy.
Gençtürk, E. F., & Aulakh, P. S. (2007). Norms-and control-based governance of international manufacturer–distributor relational exchanges. Journal of International Marketing, 15(1), 92-126.
Ghoshal, S., & Moran, P. (1996). Bad for practice: A critique of the transaction cost theory. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 13-47.
Griffith, D. A., & Myers, M. B. (2005). The performance implications of strategic fit of relational norm governance strategies in global supply chain relationships. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 254-269.
Gundlach, G. T., & Cadotte, E. R. (1994). Exchange interdependence and interfirm interaction: Research in a simulated channel setting. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(4), 516-532.
Handfield, R. B., Ragatz, G. L., Petersen, K. J., & Monczka, R. M. (1999). Involving suppliers in new product development. California Management Review, 42(1), 59-82. Hartley, J. L., Zirger, B. J., & Kamath, R. R. (1997). Managing the buyer‐supplier interface for on‐time performance in product development. Journal of Operations Management, 15(1), 57-70.
Hawkins, T. G., Wittmann, C. M., & Beyerlein, M. M. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of opportunism in buyer–supplier relations: Research synthesis and new frontiers. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(8), 895-909.
He, Y., Lai, K. K., Sun, H., & Chen, Y. (2014). The impact of supplier integration on customer integration and new product performance: The mediating role of manufacturing flexibility under trust theory. International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 260-270.
Heide, J. B., & John, G. (1992). Do norms matter in marketing relationships?. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 32-44.
Helper, S. R., & Sako, M. (1995). Supplier relations in Japan and the United States: are they converging?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 36(3), 77-84.
Huo, B. (2012). The impact of supply chain integration on company performance: an organizational capability perspective. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(6), 596-610.
Huo, B., Ye, Y., Zhao, X., & Shou, Y. (2016). The impact of human capital on supply chain integration and competitive performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 178, 132-143.
Im, S., & Workman Jr, J. P. (2004). Market orientation, creativity, and new product performance in high-technology firms. Journal of Marketing, 68(2), 114-132.
Irvine, P. J., Park, S. S., & Yıldızhan, Ç. (2016). Customer-base concentration, profitability, and the relationship life cycle. The Accounting Review, 91(3), 883-906.
Jap, S. D., & Ganesan, S. (2000). Control mechanisms and the relationship life cycle: Implications for safeguarding specific investments and developing commitment. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(2), 227-245.
Jayaram, J., & Tan, K. C. (2010). Supply chain integration with third-party logistics providers. International Journal of Production Economics, 125(2), 262-271.
Joshi, A. W., & Arnold, S. J. (1997). The impact of buyer dependence on buyer opportunism in buyer–supplier relationships: The moderating role of relational norms. Psychology & Marketing, 14(8), 823-845.
Joshi, A. W., & Sharma, S. (2004). Customer knowledge development: antecedents and impact on new product performance. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 47-59.
Kim, D. Y., & Zhu, P. (2018). Supplier dependence and R&D intensity: The moderating role of network centrality and interconnectedness. Journal of Operations Management, 64, 7-18.
Kingshott, R. P. (2006). The impact of psychological contracts upon trust and commitment within supplier–buyer relationships: A social exchange view. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(6), 724-739.
Koufteros, X., Vonderembse, M., & Jayaram, J. (2005). Internal and external integration for product development: the contingency effects of uncertainty, equivocality, and platform strategy. Decision Sciences, 36(1), 97-133.
Kouvelis, P., Chambers, C., & Wang, H. (2006). Supply chain management research and production and operations management: Review, trends, and opportunities. Production and Operations Management, 15(3), 449-469.
Krause, D. R., & Scannell, T. V. (2002). Supplier development practices: Product‐and service‐based industry comparisons. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 38(1), 13-21.
Kull, T. J., & Ellis, S. C. (2016). Coping with dependence: a logistics strategy based on interorganizational learning for managing buyer–supplier relations. Journal of Business Logistics, 37(4), 346-363.
Kumar, N., Scheer, L. K., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. (1995). The effects of perceived interdependence on dealer attitudes. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(3), 348-356.
Kwon, I. W. G., & Suh, T. (2004). Factors affecting the level of trust and commitment in supply chain relationships. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 40(1), 4-14.
Lai, F., Zhang, M., Lee, D. M., & Zhao, X. (2012). The impact of supply chain integration on mass customization capability: an extended resource-based view. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 59(3), 443-456.
Lee, H. L., & Billington, C. (1992). Managing supply chain inventory: pitfalls and opportunities. Sloan management review, 33(3), 65-73.
Loch, C., Stein, L., & Terwiesch, C. (1996). Measuring development performance in the electronics industry. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13(1), 3-20.
Lui, S. S., & Ngo, H. Y. (2004). The role of trust and contractual safeguards on cooperation in non-equity alliances. Journal of Management, 30(4), 471-485.
Lumineau, F., & Henderson, J. E. (2012). The influence of relational experience and contractual governance on the negotiation strategy in buyer–supplier disputes. Journal of Operations Management, 30(5), 382-395.
Lumineau, F., & Quélin, B. V. (2012). An empirical investigation of interorganizational opportunism and contracting mechanisms. Strategic Organization, 10(1), 55-84. Luo, Y. (2002). Contract, cooperation, and performance in international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 23(10), 903-919.
Lusch, R. F., & Brown, J. R. (1996). Interdependency, contracting, and relational behavior in marketing channels. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 19-38. Macneil, I. R. (1980). Power, contract, and the economic model. Journal of Economic Issues, 14(4), 909-923.
Malhotra, D., & Lumineau, F. (2011). Trust and collaboration in the aftermath of conflict: The effects of contract structure. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 981-998.
Maltz, A. B., & Ellram, L. M. (1997). Total cost of relationship: an analytical framework for the logistics outsourcing decision. Journal of Business Logistics, 18(1), 45-66.
Mele, C., Spena, T. R., & Colurcio, M. (2010). Co‐creating value innovation through resource integration. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 2(1), 60-78.
Mesquita, L. F., Anand, J., & Brush, T. H. (2008). Comparing the resource‐based and relational views: knowledge transfer and spillover in vertical alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 29(9), 913-941.
Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., & Patterson, J. L. (2015). Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning.
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314-328.
Moyano-Fuentes, J., Sacristán-Díaz, M., & Garrido-Vega, P. (2016). Improving supply chain responsiveness through advanced manufacturing technology: the mediating role of internal and external integration. Production Planning & Control, 27(9), 686-697.
Noordhoff, C. S., Kyriakopoulos, K., Moorman, C., Pauwels, P., & Dellaert, B. G. (2011). The bright side and dark side of embedded ties in business-to-business innovation. Journal of Marketing, 75(5), 34-52.
Nooteboom, B. (1996). Trust, opportunism and governance: A process and control model. Organization Studies, 17(6), 985-1010.
O’Toole, T., & Donaldson, B. (2002). Relationship performance dimensions of buyer–supplier exchanges. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 8(4), 197-207.
Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., & Grewal, D. (2007). A comparative longitudinal analysis of theoretical perspectives of interorganizational relationship performance. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 172-194.
Petersen, K. J., Handfield, R. B., & Ragatz, G. L. (2003). A model of supplier integration into new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20(4), 284-299.
Petersen, K. J., Handfield, R. B., Lawson, B., & Cousins, P. D. (2008). Buyer dependency and relational capital formation: the mediating effects of socialization processes and supplier integration. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(4), 53-65.
Pires, G. D., Dean, A., & Rehman, M. (2015). Using service logic to redefine exchange in terms of customer and supplier participation. Journal of Business Research, 68(5), 925-932.
Priem, R. L., & Swink, M. (2012). A demand‐side perspective on supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(2), 7-13.
Provan, K. G., & Gassenheimer, J. B. (1994). Supplier commitment in relational contract exchanges with buyers: A study of interorganizational dependence and exercised power. Journal of Management Studies, 31(1), 55-68.
Pulles, N. J., Ellegaard, C., & Veldman, J. (2022). The Interplay Between Supplier-Specific Investments and Supplier Dependence: Do Two Pluses Make a Minus?. Journal of Management, 01492063221087643.
Reuer, J. J., & Ariño, A. (2007). Strategic alliance contracts: Dimensions and determinants of contractual complexity. Strategic Management Journal, 28(3), 313-330.
Richey Jr, R. G., Roath, A. S., Whipple, J. M., & Fawcett, S. E. (2010). Exploring a governance theory of supply chain management: barriers and facilitators to integration. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), 237-256.
Rokkan, A. I., Heide, J. B., & Wathne, K. H. (2003). Specific investments in marketing relationships: Expropriation and bonding effects. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(2), 210-224.
Schiffer, M., & Weder, B. (2001). Firm size and the business environment: Worldwide survey results (Vol. 43). World Bank Publications.
Sheng, S., Zhou, K. Z., Li, J. J., & Guo, Z. (2018). Institutions and opportunism in buyer–supplier exchanges: The moderated mediating effects of contractual and relational governance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(6), 1014-1031.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422.
Simpson, D., Meredith, J., Boyer, K., Dilts, D., Ellram, L. M., & Leong, G. K. (2015). Professional, research, and publishing trends in operations and supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 51(3), 87-100.
Stank, T. P., Davis, B. R., & Fugate, B. S. (2005). A strategic framework for supply chain oriented logistics. Journal of Business Logistics, 26(2), 27-46.
Steensma, H. K., & Lyles, M. A. (2000). Explaining IJV survival in a transitional economy through social exchange and knowledge‐based perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 21(8), 831-851.
Steinle, C., Schiele, H., & Ernst, T. (2014). Information asymmetries as antecedents of opportunism in buyer-supplier relationships: Testing principal-agent theory. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 21(2), 123-140.
Steinle, C., Schiele, H., & Ernst, T. (2014). Information asymmetries as antecedents of opportunism in buyer-supplier relationships: Testing principal-agent theory. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 21(2), 123-140.
Stock, J. R., Boyer, S. L., & Harmon, T. (2010). Research opportunities in supply chain management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 32-41.
Swink, M., Narasimhan, R., & Wang, C. (2007). Managing beyond the factory walls: effects of four types of strategic integration on manufacturing plant performance. Journal of Operations Management, 25(1), 148-164.
Tangpong, C., Hung, K. T., & Ro, Y. K. (2010). The interaction effect of relational norms and agent cooperativeness on opportunism in buyer–supplier relationships. Journal of Operations Management, 28(5), 398-414.
Terpend, R., Tyler, B. B., Krause, D. R., & Handfield, R. B. (2008). Buyer–supplier relationships: Derived value over two decades. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(2), 28-55.
Tessarolo, P. (2007). Is integration enough for fast product development? An empirical investigation of the contextual effects of product vision. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24(1), 69-82.
Thomas, E. (2013). Supplier integration in new product development: Computer mediated communication, knowledge exchange and buyer performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(6), 890-899.
Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 37-69.
Uzzi, B. (2018). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. In The sociology of economic life (pp. 213-241). Routledge.
Villena, V. H., & Craighead, C. W. (2017). On the same page? How asymmetric buyer–supplier relationships affect opportunism and performance. Production and Operations Management, 26(3), 491-508.
Wang, Y., Wang, N., Jiang, L., Yang, Z., & Cui, V. (2016). Managing relationships with power advantage buyers: The role of supplier initiated bonding tactics in long-term buyer–supplier collaborations. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5587-5596.
Ward, J. (1987), Keeping the Family Business Healthy, JosseyBass, San Francisco, CA.
Weber, L., & Mayer, K. J. (2011). Designing effective contracts: Exploring the influence of framing and expectations. Academy of Management Review, 36(1), 53-75.
Wei, Y., & Morgan, N. A. (2004). Supportiveness of organizational climate, market orientation, and new product performance in Chinese firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(6), 375-388.
Williamson, O. E. (1988). Technology and transaction cost economics: A reply. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 10(3), 355-363.
Womack, J. P., Jones, D. T., & Roos, D. (1990). The Machine that Changed the World. New York; Rawson Associates.
Wong, C. Y., Boon-Itt, S., & Wong, C. W. (2011). The contingency effects of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between supply chain integration and operational performance. Journal of Operations Management, 29(6), 604-615.
Wuyts, S., & Geyskens, I. (2005). The formation of buyer–supplier relationships: detailed contract drafting and close partner selection. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 103-117.
Xie, E., Liang, J., & Zhou, K. Z. (2016). How to enhance supplier performance in China: An integrative view of partner selection and partner control. Industrial Marketing Management, 56, 156-166.
Yeniaras, V., & Unver, S. (2016). Revisiting the mediating effect of entrepreneurial behaviour on proactiveness–performance relationship: The role of business ties and competitive intensity. European Management Review, 13(4), 291-306.
Yeniaras, V., Di Benedetto, A., & Dayan, M. (2021). Effects of relational ties paradox on financial and non-financial consequences of servitization: Roles of organizational flexibility and improvisation. Industrial Marketing Management, 99, 54-68.
Yeniaras, V., Di Benedetto, A., Kaya, I., & Dayan, M. (2021). Relational governance, organizational unlearning and learning: implications for performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(3), 469-492.
Yeniaras, V., Kaya, I., & Dayan, M. (2020). Mixed effects of business and political ties in planning flexibility: Insights from Turkey. Industrial Marketing Management, 87, 208-224.
Yeung, J. H. Y., Selen, W., Zhang, M., & Huo, B. (2009). The effects of trust and coercive power on supplier integration. International Journal of Production Economics, 120(1), 66-78.
Yildirim, H. S., Akci, Y., & Eksi, I. H. (2013). The effect of firm characteristics in accessing credit for SMEs. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 18(1), 40-52.
Zahra, S. A., Yavuz, R. I., & Ucbasaran, D. (2006). How much do you trust me? The dark side of relational trust in new business creation in established companies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(4), 541-559.
Zhao, L., Huo, B., Sun, L., & Zhao, X. (2013). The impact of supply chain risk on supply chain integration and company performance: a global investigation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(2), 115-131.
Zhao, X., Pan, J., & Song, Y. (2018). Dependence on supplier, supplier trust and green supplier integration: The moderating role of contract management difficulty. Sustainability, 10(5), 1673.
Zhou, K. Z., & Poppo, L. (2010). Exchange hazards, relational reliability, and contracts in China: The contingent role of legal enforceability. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(5), 861-881.
Zhou, K. Z., & Xu, D. (2012). How foreign firms curtail local supplier opportunism in China: Detailed contracts, centralized control, and relational governance. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(7), 677-692.