Traverten plakalarda gözenek dolgu malzemesi için alternatif bir karışımın kullanımının değerlendirilmesi

Travertenler doğal gözenekli yapıları nedeniyle dekoratif anlamdakullanılabilirliği fazla olan doğaltaşlardır. Bu gözenekli yapı, taşta suemmenin de yüksek olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu yüzden özellikle dışmekân uygulamalarında taşın gözenekliliğini ve dolayısı ile atmosferikkoşullardan etkilenme derecesini azaltmak amacıyla dolgu işlemiuygulanmaktadır. Dolgu için toz kalsit, beyaz çimento ve çeşitlirenklendiriciler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Karışım içerisindekalsitin bulunması doğrudan maliyeti artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmadakalsit yerine traverten tozunun kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır ve buamaçla ağırlıkça oluşturulmuş 4 farklı karışım oranında (1/0.5, 1/0.7,1/1, 1/1.5) traverten tozu /çimento karışımlı dolgu malzemelerilaboratuvar ortamında üretilmiştir. Diğer bir grup dolgu malzemesi iseticari üretimde yaygın olarak kullanılan kalsit/çimento (1/1 oranında)karışımı şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar dolgulutravertenlerde birim hacim ağırlığı değerlerinde % 0.32-0.54oranlarında artış, ağırlıkça su emme değerlerinde ise % 11.71-19.25oranlarında azalma olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. İncelenen doğaltaşgrubunun bütünü için kapiler su emmenin belirgin bir şekilde, % 27.95-54.62 arasında değişen oranlarda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.Benzer şekilde görünür porozite değerlerinde de % 9.54-19.21 oranındaazalmalar meydana gelmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 1/1 ve 1/0.7oranlı (traverten tozu/çimento) karışımlarda birim hacimağırlıklardaki artışla su emme değerlerinde en fazla azalmalarınolduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile elde edilen veriler, üretimi yapılantravertenin kendi tozunun kullanılması ile oluşturulacak dolgularınuygulamada tercih edilmesi ile hem artıkların değerlendirilmesi hem deüretim maliyetlerinin düşürülebileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Evaluation of the use of an alternative mixture for pore filling material ontravertine slabs

Because of their natural porous structure, travertines are widely preferred building stones in terms of their decorative properties. This porous structure causes the stone having high water absorption capacity. Therefore, especially in outdoor applications, filling process is applied in order to decrease the porosity of the stone and thus lower the effect of atmospheric conditions. Powder calcite, white cement and various colorants are widely used in filling operations. The presence of calcite in the mixture directly increases the cost. In this study, the use of travertine powder instead of calcite was investigated and for this purpose, mixed filling materials with travertine powder/cement ratio were produced in laboratory condition as 4 different mixing ratios by weight (1/0.5, 1/0.7, 1/1, 1/1.5). Another group of filling material is formed as a mixture of calcite/cement (1/1) which is widely used in commercial production. The obtained results showed that the unit weight values were increased about 0.32 - 0.54% and the water absorption values decreased by 11.71-19.25 % when travertine powder filling was used. It was determined that capillary water absorption values significantly decreased between 27.95%-54.62 % for all natural stone groups. Similarly, there was a decrease about 9.54-19.21% in the apparent porosity values. The results revealed that, in the mixing ratios of 1/1 and 1/0.7 (travertine powder/cement) an increase in unit weight values and the highest reduction in water absorption values were observed. The data obtained by this study are presented in such a way that both the wastes can be evaluated and the production costs can be reduced by the choice of the application of filler mixtures to be formed by the use of their own powder.

PDF

___

[1] Atabey E. Tufa ve Traverten. Ankara, Turkey, JMO Yayını. 1993. (in Turkish).
[2] Benavente D, García-del-Cura MA, Fort R, Ordonez S, “Durability estimation of porous building stones from pore structure and strength”. Engineering Geology, 74, 113-127, 2005.
[3] Benavente D, Cueto N, Martinez JM, García-del-Cura MA, Canaveras J.C. “The influence of petrophysical properties on the salt weathering of porous building rocks”. Environmental Geology, 52, 215-224, 2007.
[4] García-del-Cura MA, Benavente D, Martínez JM, Cueto N. “Sedimentary structures and physical properties of travertine and carbonate tufa building stone”. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 456-467, 2012.
[5] Koralay T. Baykara MO, Deniz K, Kadıoğlu YK, Duman B, Shen CC. “A Multi-isotope investigations for scientific characterization and provenance implication of banded travertines from Tripolis Antigue City (Denizli-Turkey)”. Environmental Archaeology, 2019. Doi:10.1080/146141032018. 1498164.
[6] Koralay T. Çelik SB, Deniz K. “Assessments on mineropetrographics, geochemical and physical-mechanical properties of Emirdağ (Afyonkarahisar) travertines”. Proceedings of the 26th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, Antalya, Turkey, 16-19 April 2019.
[7] Lucia FJ. “Petrophysical parameters estimated from visual description of carbonate rocks: a field classification of carbonate pore space”. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 35, 626-637, 1983.
[8] Vázquez P, Alonso FJ, Esbert RM, Ordaz J. “Ornamental granites: Relationships between p-waves velocity, water capillary absorption and the crack network”. Construction and Building Materials, 24, 2536 - 2541. 2010.
[9] Sarıışık A, Sarıışık G, Şentürk A, “Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Stones Affected by Ground Water under Different Ambient Conditions”. Ekoloji, 19, 88-96, 2010.
[10] Çelik SB, Çobanoğlu İ, Koralay T. “Investigation of the usability of leeb hardness criterion in the determination of physicomechanical properties of travertine”. Proceedings of the 26th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, Antalya, Turkey, 16-19 April 2019.
[11] Çelik S, Çobanoğlu İ, Atatanır. “General material properties of Denizli (SW Turkey) travertines as a building stone”. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 825-838, 2014.
[12] Demirdağ S, Gündüz L. “Numerical investigations of the effect of pore filling applications on the technical properties of travertine”. 7th Regional Rock Mechanics Symposium, KAYAMEK’2004, 21-22 October, Sivas, Turkey, 2004.
[13] Çetin E. Development of Travertine Filling Material. Master Thesis, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey, 2010. (In Turkish).
[14] Acar H. “Crack repairing and pore filling systems in natural stones”. Turkey IV. Marble Symposium, MERSEM’2003, İstanbul, Turkey, 18-19 December 2003.
[15] Ministry of Education of Turkey, MEB. Machinery Technology, Marble Slab Polishing and Filling, Publication of the Ministry of Education of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey, 2011. (In Turkish).
[16] Demirdağ S. “The effect of using different polymer and cement based materials in pore filling applications on technical parameters of travertine stone”. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), 522-530. 2009.
[17] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS 699. “Natural Building Stones-Test Methods, Turkish Standard Institution”. Ankara, Turkey, 84, 2009. (In Turkish).
[18] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS EN 13755. “Natural StonesTest Methods-Determination of water absorption in atmospheric condition”. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, Turkey, 2009 (In Turkish).
[19] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS EN 1936. “Natural Stones - Test Methods - Determination of real density, apparent density, total and open porosity”. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, Turkey, 2010 (In Turkish).
[20] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS EN 1925. “Natural Stones - Test Methods-Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity”. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara, Turkey, 2000 (In Turkish).