Gıdalarda biyojen amin oluşum mekanizmalarına etki eden faktörler ve biyojen aminlerin diğer bileşiklere dönüşümleri

Biyojen aminler daha çok proteince zengin ve fermente gıdalarda mikroorganizma faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan ve sağlık üzerinde önemli etkileri olan bileşikler olmakla birlikte yüksek konsantrasyonlarda toksik etki gösteren bileşiklerdir. Bu nedenle mikroorganizma gelişimlerini etkileyen faktörler, biyojen amin oluşumunu da etkilemektedir. Biyojen aminlerin oluşumunu etkileyen temel faktörler; şeker konsantrasyonu, pH, sıcaklık, tuz konsantrasyonu, gıdadaki mikroorganizma türleri, starter kültürler, oksijen ve benzeri faktörler olarak gösterilmektedir. Biyojen aminler nitrit ve azot oksitler ile reaksiyona girebilmekte ve kanserojen nitrozaminleri oluşturabildikleri gibi, bir biyojen amin formundan diğer bir biyojen amin formuna da dönüşebilmektedirler. Ayrıca bazı poliaminlerin, poliamin oksidaz enzimiyle katabolizması sonucu toksik bir bileşik olan akrolein de oluşabilmektedir. Bu derlemede; biyojen aminlerin oluşum mekanizmaları, etkili faktörler ve diğer bileşiklere dönüşümleri literatür verileri incelenerek ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyojen aminler, Putresin, Kadaverin, Histamin, Tiramin, Nitrozaminler

The factors affecting biogenic amines formation in the foods and transformation of biogenic amines to other compounds

Biogenic amines mainly occur by microbial activity in high-protein foods and fermented foods and have important health effects, but may cause toxicological effects at high concentrations. For this reason, the factors influencing microbial growth also affects production of biogenic amines. The factors that affect the formation of biogenic amines are carbohydrate concentration, pH, temperature, sodium chloride concentration, types of microorganisms in the foods, starter cultures, oxygen and so on. While biogenic amines can react with nitrosating reagents such as nitrite and nitrogen oxides to form carcinogenic nitrosamines, they are also able to transform from one biogenic amine form to another. In addition, some polyamines could produce toxic acrolein by their catabolism with polyamine oxidase. The aim of this paper is to give information about the occurrence and formation mechanisms of biogenic amines, factors influencing their formation, and transformation of biogenic amines to other compounds.

Keywords:

Biogenic amines, Putrescine, Cadaverine, Histamine, Tyramine, Nitrosamines,

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