Yenidoğan Buzağı İshallerinin Nedenleri, Tedavileri ve Korunma Yöntemleri

Büyükbaş hayvancılık endüstrisi, sürü yönetimi, hayvan tesisleri ve bakımı, besleme ve biyo-medikal kullanımı ile büyük gelişmeler sağlamış olsa da, yeni doğan buzağı ishallerinin çok faktörlü doğası nedeniyle günümüzde önemli bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu hastalık, halâ dünya çapında sığır endüstrisinde yüksek morbidite ve mortalite ile önemli ekonomik kayıp nedenlerinden birisidir. Yeni doğan buzağı ishallerinin klinik belirtileri hasta buzağının yaşı ve immün direnciyle hastalık etkenin virulansına ve diğer faktörlerle olan kombinasyonuna bağlı olarak farklılıklar göstermektedir. Buzağılar genellikle çok sayıda hastalık etmeninin olduğu çevre koşullarında korumasız olarak dünyaya gelmektedirler. Bu koşullarda hastalığın oluşumunda yaygın olarak sığır rotavirüs A grubu (BRV-A), sığır koronavirüsü (BCoV), sığır viral diyare virüsü (BVDV), Salmonella spp. (Salmonella), Escherichia coli (E. coli) K99+, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) tip C ve Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) etkenleri rol almaktadırlar. İshalli tüm buzağılar için tedavi hedefleri, ağırlıklı olarak Gram negatif aktivite spektrumuna sahip antimikrobiyallerin parenteral uygulaması ve sıvı tedavisidir. Hastalığın korunmasında birçok yeni müdahale stratejisi (örneğin aşı, ilaçlar ve sürü yönetimi) geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmış olsa da, bu uygulamaların oluşturduğu ekonomik etki yeterli seviyede değildir. Sahada bu önemli sorunun devam etmesi, hastalığın çok faktörlü doğasına, hastalık etiyolojisinin açıkça anlaşılmamasına, kötü çevre koşullarına ve korunma tedbirlerine yeterince önem verilmemesine bağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Buzağı, İshal, E. Coli, Rotavirus

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