Pet Hayvanlarında Fitoterapi

Yüzyıllardır insanoğlu doğal kaynaklardan (bitkiler, mineraller ve hayvansal ürünler vb.) kendilerinin ve hayvanlarının sağlıklarının korunması ve tedavisinde faydalanmaktadır. Son yıllarda batı Avrupa ve kuzey Amerika ülkelerinde bitkilerin insan ve hayvan tedavilerinde tıbbi amaçlı olarak kullanımı hızla artmakla birlikte, bu tür uygulamaların özellikle uzak doğu ve Güney Asya ülkelerinde uzun yıllardır geleneksel olarak yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda hastalık etmenlerinin geliştirdikleri direnç sonucu sentetik kimyasal ilaçlara karşı dirençli suşlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Tıbbi bitkilerden yapılan preparatların çok yönlü etkilerinden dolayı yeni türlere karşı etkili olması, bitkisel preparatlara olan ilgiyi artıran diğer bir neden olmuştur. Tıbbi bitkilerden elde edilen bu aktif maddeler, terapötik etkilerine göre sentetik ilaçlara eşdeğerdir. Bu nedenle hayvanların tedavisinde ağırlıklı olarak antibakteriyel, antimikotik, antiparaziter, dezenfektan ve immünostimülan olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fitoterapik uygulamalar pet hayvanlarında endoparazit, ektoparazit, antiemetik, üst solunum yolu ve bazı deri hastalıklarının tedavisinde kullanılabilmektedir. Öte yandan, tıbbi bitkilerin terapötik etkinliğine ilişkin bilgiler bilimsel araştırma sonuçlarından ziyade, geleneksel yöntemlere dayanan, deneme yanılma yoluyla edinilmiş ve uzun bir zaman süreci sonucunda nesilden nesile aktarılarak günümüze kadar ulaşmış bilgilere dayandığı da görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, terapötik etkilerin bilimsel olarak doğrulanması ve evcil hayvanlarda bitkisel ürünlerin ve ilaç etkileşimlerinin olası yan etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, bu tür ilaçların klinik uygulamada alternatif tedavi edici yöntemler olarak benimsenmesinden önce gereklidir. Ayrıca, bir doğrulama ve standardizasyon sağlamak amacıyla bilimsel çalışmalarla klinik denemelerin yoğunlaştırılarak artırılmasına da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pet hayvanları, Tıbbi bitkiler, Tedavi, Kedi, Köpek

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