İklim Değişikliği Strateji ve Eylem Planlarında Havza Yaklaşımı ve Doğa Temelli Çözümler

Başta Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (UNFCCC) olmak üzere birçok uluslararası kuruluş iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede doğa temelli çözümleri (DTÇ) desteklemektedir. Bu çözümler, sürdürülebilirlikleri ve altyapı odaklı gri çözümlere kıyasla daha uygun maliyetli ve ekolojik faydaları nedeniyle son zamanlarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. DTÇ’lerin iklim değişikliği strateji ve eylem planlarına daha yaygın şekilde dahil olması ormancılık sektörü için de önemli bir fırsat olarak görülebilir. DTÇ’ler ve havza yaklaşımının, iklim değişikliğine uyum ile yakından ilişkili olmasına karşın strateji ve planlarda yeterince yer bulmadığı düşüncesindeyiz. Çalışmanın amacı bu durumu, yani iklim değişikliği strateji/eylem planlarına havza ve DTÇ kavramlarının ne ölçüde yansımış olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, küresel ölçekte 40 ülke ve 60 kentin iklim değişikliğine uyum ve azaltım planları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’de 16 kentin iklim değişikliği strateji/eylem planları bu kapsamda değerlendirilmiştir. İlk aşamada iklim değişikliği azaltım ve uyum stratejileri arazi kullanımı, ormancılık, havza yaklaşımı ve uyum yönlerinden incelenmiştir. Buradan elde edilen sayısal veriler meta-analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, iklim eylem planlarında, azaltım politika ve önlemlerinin uyuma nazaran daha geniş yer bulduğunu, havza kavramı ve doğa temelli çözümlere ise yeterince yer verilmediğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İklim Değişikliği, Doğa Temelli Çözümler, Havza Yaklaşımı

Watershed Approach and Nature-Based Solutions in Climate Change Strategies and Action Plans

Several organizations including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are supporting nature-based solutions (NbS) in combatting climate change. NbSs are incentivized for their sustainability, ecologic benefits and higher cost-effectiveness compared to infrastructure-based solutions. The broader inclusion of NbS in climate change strategies and action plans can serve as an essential opportunity for the forestry sector. We think that although watershed approach and NbS are closely related to the climate adaptation, they are neglected in plans and strategies. The aim of the study is to reveal to what extent the adaptation, basin, and NbS concepts are included in the climate change action/strategy plans of the countries and cities. Within the scope of the study, climate change adaptation and mitigation plans of 40 countries and 60 cities were analyzed on a global scale. In addition, climate change strategy/action plans of 16 cities in Turkey were examined. As an initial step, climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies were investigated regarding land use, forestry, watershed approach, and adaptation. The data obtained were evaluated with the meta-analysis method. The results revealed that mitigation policies and measures had a broader place in the climate action plans than adaptation while watershed and NbS concepts have not been included appropriately.

Keywords:

Climate change, Nature-based solutions, Watershed approach,

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