Gruplar Arası Temas Kuramı Açısından COVID-19 Pandemisinde Önyargıları Azaltma Yolları

Tüm dünyada yaşam pratiklerini ciddi şekilde değiştiren COVID-19 pandemisinin, gruplar arasındaki ilişkileri de önemli ölçüde etkilediği görülür. Mevcut çalışmanın başat amaçları, COVID-19 salgınının gruplar arasındaki ayrımcı tutum ve davranışlar üzerindeki yansımalarını incelemek ve bu süreçte dış gruplara yönlendirilen önyargıları azaltmak adına neler yapılabileceğine gruplar arası temas çerçevesi üzerinden çözüm önerileri getirmektir. Gruplar arasında gerçekleşen temas deneyimlerinin çeşitli psikolojik mekanizmalar aracılığıyla dış gruplara yönelik olumsuz tutum ve davranışları azalttığının ileri sürüldüğü Gruplar Arası Temas Kuramı, sosyal psikoloji literatüründe bugüne dek önyargıların azaltılması konusunda geliştirilen en önemli yaklaşımlardan biridir. Sosyal etkileşimler yoluyla yayılım hızı artan COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde ise insanların diğerleri ile girdiği yüz yüze etkileşimlerin önemli ölçüde azaldığı görülür. Bu makale kapsamında, gruplar arası etkileşimlerin pandemi sürecinde nasıl korunabileceği sorusuna yanıt aranmış ve dolaylı temas kuramları olarak tanımlanan yayılmacı, hayali ve temsili temas yaklaşımlarından ve çevrimiçi temas yaklaşımından yola çıkılarak gruplar arası temasın COVID-19 sürecinde arttırılması adına neler yapılabileceğine yönelik çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

The Ways of Prejudice Reduction in COVID-19 Pandemic in Terms of Intergroup Contact Theory

It is seen that the COVID-19 pandemic, which has seriously changed living practices all over the world, significantly affects the relationships between groups. The main objectives of the present study are to examine the reflections of the COVID-19 pandemic on discriminatory attitudes and behaviors between groups and to offer solutions through the intergroup contact framework for what can be done to reduce prejudices directed to outgroups during pandemic. Intergroup Contact Theory, in which it is claimed that the contact experiences between groups reduce negative attitudes and behaviors towards the outgroups through various psychological mechanisms, is one of the most important approaches developed in the social psychology literature to reduce prejudices. In the COVID-19 pandemic, whose spread rate increases through social interactions, it is seen that face-to-face interactions with others decrease significantly. Within the scope of this article, an answer to the question of how intergroup interactions can be preserved during the pandemic was sought and various suggestions were presented regarding what can be done to increase intergroup contact during COVID-19, based on the expended, imagined and vicarious contact approaches defined as indirect contact theories and the online contact approach.

Keywords:

Pandemic, COVID-19, Prejudice Intergroup Contact Theory,

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