Göç ve Demokrasinin Geleceği

Yoğun bir göç hareketine maruz kalan ülkelerde siyasal, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel farklılıklarda artışlar görülmektedir. Bu farklıların bir arada varlığını sürdürmesi, uluslar arası, ulusal ve yerel düzeyde belirlenen politikalarla mümkündür. Ulus devlet anlayışına sahip demokratik ülkelerde, göçlerden kaynaklanan yeni tür sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sorunlar arasında yabancı düşmanlığı ve aşırı sağ partilerin yükselişi dikkat çekmektedir.Bu tür eğilimlerin artış göstermesi, demokratik ilkelerin geleceği açısından son derece tehlikelidir. Devlet ve hükümetlerin, ülkeye çeşitli yollardan gelen göçmenlerin yaşam koşullarını düzenlemesi, toplum ile bütünleştirilmesi ve kamuoyunun bu konuda bilinçlendirilmesi konusunda demokratik değerler çerçevesinde hareket etmesi önemlidir. Aksi takdirde toplumsal yapıda farklılıklara karşı kutuplaştırıcı ideolojiler baş gösterecek ve evrensel barışın tesisi zorlaşacaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, göç ve demokrasi ile ilgili literatürde yer alan çalışmalar ile uluslar arası kuruluşların yayınladığı raporlar incelenmiştir. Günümüz dünyasında göç hareketlerinin artarak devam ettiği ve göçmen sayısının özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde arttığı bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla göçmen veya yabancı olarak kabul edilen ve toplumsal bir gerçeklik haline gelmiş olan bireylerin, mümkün olduğunca demokrasinin sağlamış olduğu olanaklarla tanıştırılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Göç, Demokrasi, Yurttaşlık, Seçme ve Seçilme Hakkı, Çokkültürcülük

Migration and the Future of Democracy

There has been an increase in political, economic, social and cultural differences that have been subjected to intensive migration. The coexistence of these differences is possible with the policies agreed at international, national and local level. In democratic countries which support the nation-state approach, new problems arise from migrations. Among these problems, xenophobia and the rise of right wing parties are the most important. The increase of such tendencies is extremely dangerous for the future of democratic principles. It is important that states and governments act within the framework of democratic values to regulate the living conditions of immigrants coming to the country in various ways, to integrate them with society and to raise public awareness on this issue. Otherwise, polarizing ideologies will emerge against differences in social structure and the establishment of universal peace will be difficult. For this purpose in the study the literature on migration and democracy and some reports published by international organizations are examined. In today's world, it is known that migration movements continue to increase and the number of migrants increases especially in developed and developing countries. Therefore, it is thought to be beneficial to introduce individuals who are accepted as immigrants or foreigners and have become a social reality with the opportunities provided by democracy as much as possible in such countries.

Keywords:

Migration, Democracy, Citizenship, Suffrage, Multiculturalism,

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