Gençlerin Diğerkâmlık Davranışında Cinsiyet Farklılıkları: Bir Kamu Malı Oyunu Deneyi

Başkalarının yararını da kendi yararı kadar gözetme yani fedakârlık olarak da nitelendirilebilecek insana özgü bir olgu olan diğerkâmlık davranışı, genç neslin teknolojik yeniliklerle birlikte giderek sosyalleştiği günümüz koşullarında araştırılması gereken hassas bir konu olmuştur. Gençlerin diğerkâmlık tutumunun, deneysel iktisat kapsamında incelenmesi bu çalışmanın ana hedefi olmuş ve diğerkâm davranışı ölçmek amacıyla kamu malı oyunun yer aldığı anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Kamu malı oyunu; daha sonra eşit şekilde paylaşılacak bir toplam meblağ için katılımcıların ellerindeki paranın ne kadarını vereceklerini tercih etmeleri üzerine kurulurken, ekonomi biliminde rasyonel davranan ve bencil olan bireylerin hem ellerindeki paraya, hem de ortak havuzdan gelecek olan tutara sahip olacak tercihlerde bulunması beklenir. Ankette, gençlerin demografik ve kültürel özelliklerinin diğerkâm davranışlarındaki rolü de ölçülmüştür. Katılımcıların cinsiyeti ve babalarının meslek durumunun, tercihlerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular; ankete katılan gençlerin bireysel özelliklerinin, diğerkâm davranış sergilemesinde ve dolayısıyla ekonomik tercihlerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Davranışsal İktisat, Deneysel İktisat, Kamu Malı Oyunu, Genç, Cinsiyet

Gender Differences of Young People’s Altruistic Behaviors: A Public Goods Game Experiment

Altruism, a social fact described as a human-specific behavior which assumes observing others’ interest as much as personal utility or self-sacrifice has recently come to forward as a sensitive subject that deserves investigation due to expanding technological-based socialization among the young generation. The present study- oriented on the altruistic attitude of young people within the framework of experimental economics and a survey method contained public goods game was applied to measure altruistic behavior. Public goods game is based on the judgement of participators regarding how much money they could donate to a fund that would be shared equally among all participants. In economics science, rational and selfish individuals are expected to exhibit preferences both to keep money in their hand and the amount that would come from the public pool. In the study survey, demographic and cultural characteristics of young people were investigated in terms of their role on young people’s altruistic behaviors. It was revealed that gender and fathers’ occupations were found to be statistically significant in young people’s preferences. As a result of findings exhibited that personal characteristics of participant young people were effective on their tendency to show altruistic behavior accordingly on their economic preferences.

Keywords:

Behavioral Economics, Experimental Economics, Public Goods Game, Young People, Gender,

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