Hellenistik dönem'de Mısır'da amphora üretimi

Coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Akdeniz ticaret tarihinde önemli bir yeri olan Mısır'ın politik ilişkilerine paralel olarak deniz ticaretinde de etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Arkeolojik veriler Mısır'da amphora üretiminin Î.Ö. 4. binyılm sonlarında başladığını göstermektedir. Bu konuda uzun süren bir geleneğe sahip olan Mısır'ın hem ülke içi hem de denizaşırı ticarette sıvı taşımanın en güvenilir yolu olan amphoraları Ortaçağa kadar yoğun olarak üretmeleri formlardaki çeşitliliği de beraberinde getirmiştir. Mısır'ın Öreklerle kurduğu politik ve ticari ilişkilerin sonucunda oluşan demografik değişim halkın tüketim alışkanlıklarına da yansir mıştır. Hellenistik Dönem'den itibaren Akdeniz pazarının kapasitesinin büyümesi Mısır'ın ekonomik yapısının yeniden organize edilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu durum tarımsal ürünlerin daha verimli olarak pazara sunulmasını sağlarken Mısırlı üreticilerin de pazarlama teknolojilerinde çeşitli yöntemlere başvurmasını gerektirmiş olmalıdır. Hellenistik Dönem'in en önemli ticari ürünleri arasında gösterilen şarabın satışında kendi gelenekleri doğrultusunda geliştirdikleri formları kullanan amphora üreticilerinin komşu ülkelerin kullandığı formları da üretmeleri etkili pazarlama yöntemleri arasındadır. Bu makale Hellenistik Dönem'de Mısır'da üretilen amphoralarm daha önce oluşturulan tipoloj ilerinin de ele alınarak yeni bir sınıflandırmayla sunulmasını amaçlamaktadır.

Amphora production in Egypt in the hellenistic period

Egypt was one of the effective actors in the Mediterranean commercial history due to its geographical position and also important in maritime trade, parallel with the political relations. Amphora productions started in the end of the fourth millennium in Egypt according to the recent archaeological data. Egypt's long tradition of amphora production due to the domestic consumption and the demand of overseas markets until the Middle Ages brought the diversity of amphora forms. The political and the commercial relations of Egypt with Greeks resulted with the demographic changes which reflected people's consumption habits. The growth of the Mediterranean market forced to reconstruct the economic structure of Egypt during the beginning of the Hellenistic Period. This situation provided to serve the agricultural products more profitable to the markets while manufacturers also need to resort various methods of marketing. Egyptian producers used their traditonal amphora forms while they were imitating their neighboring countries' amphorae as effective marketing methods. This article is intended to serve a new typology of Egyptian Hellenistic amphorae due to the previously created typologies.

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