Talha FORTACI

32019

Michael Servetus’un Teolojisinde Teslis

Hristiyanlığın en temel dogması olan teslis, Baba, Oğul ve Kutsal Ruh şeklinde temsil edilen üçlü bir Tanrı tasavvurunu ifade eder. Mevcut haliyle teslis, Hristiyanlık tarihinde çok önemli yeri olan konsillerde alınan kararlar doğrultusunda Hristiyanlığın resmi inanç esası halini almıştır. En genel izahla teslis inancı, Baba, Oğul ve Kutsal Ruh olarak ifadelendirilen bu üç uknumun her birinin Tanrı olduğuna, tanrısallık bakımından aralarında herhangi bir üstünlük veyahut farklılık bulunmadığına iman etmektir ve bir Hristiyan olabilmenin en temel şartı bu dogmayı kabul etmektir. Bununla birlikte, Hristiyanlık tarihinde kendilerini “Hristiyan” olarak tanımlamalarına rağmen teslisi redde-den bazı kişi ve grupların varlığı da bir hakikattir. Örneğin, bu isimlerden en önemlisi bugün Üniteryanizm olarak bilinen hareketin de kurucusu kabul edilen Michael Servetus’tur. Servetus, teslis hakkında ciddi eleştiriler yaptığı bazı eserler yazmıştır. O, teslisin Kutsal Kitap’ta geçmediğini söylemekte ve Hristiyanlığın özünde bu dogmanın yer almadığını iddia etmektedir. Servetus’a göre teslis, Yunan felsefesinin etkisiyle şekillenmiş bir kavramdır ve Hristiyanlığı tahrif etmektedir. Döneminde oldukça ses getiren bu itirazlar zamanın Protestan ve Katolik ilahiyatçılarını oldukça kızdırmıştır ve Servetus 1553 yılında Katolik-Protestan iş birliğiyle Cenevre’de yakılarak öldürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada Michael Servetus’un dinî düşüncesi özellikle teslise bakışı bağlamında incelenmiş ve geleneksel teslis anlayışına getirdiği eleştiriler analiz edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hristiyanlık, Teslis, Michael Servetus, Dinler Tarihi, Üniteryanizm

The Trinity in the Theology of Michael Servetus

The holy trinity, which constitutes the most fundamental dogma of Christianity, expresses a triune conception of God represented as Father, Son and Holy Spirit. In its current form, the trinity has been made the official belief basis of Christianity in accordance with the decisions taken in the councils, which occupy a very important place in the history of Christianity. In the most general terms, trinitarian belief is the belief that each of these three entities, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, is God and that there is no superiority or difference between these three entities in terms of divinity, and the most basic condition for becoming a Christian is to have accepted this dogma. Nevertheless, it is a well-known fact that in the history of Christianity there have been some individuals and groups who rejected the Trinity despite identifying themselves as ‘‘Christians’’. For example, the most important of these names is Michael Servetus, who is also considered the founder of the movement known today as Unitarianism. Servetus authored some works in which he made serious criticisms about the Holy Trinity. Servetus claims that the concept of holy trinity is not mentioned in the Holy Bible and that this dogma has no place in the essence of Christianity. According to Servetus, the Trinity is a concept shaped by the influence of Greek philosophy and falsifies Christianity. These objections, which made an overwhelming impression in his time, greatly angered the Protestant and Catholic theologians of the time, and Servetus was burned to death in Geneva in 1553 as a result of Catholic and Protestant collaboration. In this study, the religious thought of Michael Servetus has been examined especially in the context of his view of the Holy Trinity and the criticisms brought by him to the traditional understanding of the Trinity have been analysed.
Keywords:

Christianity, Trinity, Michael Servetus, History of Religions, Unitarianism,

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  • Başlangıç: 2019
  • Yayıncı: Bursa Uludağ Ü. Garbiyat Çalışmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
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