İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliğinde Bulanık Yöntemlere Dayalı Risk Değerlendirme Yaklaşımları

ÜÜretim ve hizmet veren tüm endüstriyel organizasyonlarda meydana gelmesi olası kazaların ve bu kazaların insana, çevreye ve işletmeye olan zararlarının en aza indirilmesi amacıyla, sürekli ve etkili tedbirlerin alınması iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından en büyük ihtiyaçtır. Bu sebeple karşılaşılabilecek tüm tehlikeleri en aza indirgemek için farklı risk değerlendirme metodolojileri kullanılmaktadır. Risk değerlendirmesi, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) yönetiminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Uygun bir risk değerlendirmesi yapıldığında tehlikeler ve riskler ortaya konur, risk altında olabilecek kişiler belirlenir ve hastalığı/yaralanmayı önlemek için kontrol önlemlerinin nerede gerekli olduğu belirlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bulanık mantık yaklaşımı kullanılarak iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kapsamında yapılan risk değerlendirme uygulamalarını incelemektir. Bu amaçla önceden belirlenmiş dâhil etme kriterleri ile ilgili makaleler için Scopus veri tabanında sistematik bir literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada konferans bildirilerini, tezleri ve kitap bölümleri incelenmemiş olup, sadece araştırma makaleleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca makalelerin dilleri olarak İngilizce ve Türkçe dışında bir dilde yazılmış herhangi bir makale eklenmemiştir. İncelenen çalışmaların genel olarak üç faktörle çalışıldığı ve bir olayla ilişkili riskleri olayın meydana gelme olasılığı, olayın sıklığı ile önem derecesi açısından incelendiği görülmüştür. Risk değerlenmesinin uygulandığı sektörlerin başında inşaat ve kimya sanayi gelmektedir. Ayrıca bulanık tabanlı risk değerlendirme sürecinin bir parçası olan duyarlılık analizi gözden geçirilen makalelerin birçoğunda yapılmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, uygun bir nicel olasılık modeline sahip olmayan riskler için, bulanık mantık sistemi, neden-sonuç ilişkilerini modellemeye, riske maruz kalma derecesini değerlendirmeye ve hem mevcut verileri hem de uzmanlara göre temel riskleri tutarlı bir şekilde sıralamaya yardımcı olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

bulanık mantık, işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği, literatür incelemesi, risk değerlendirmesi

Risk Assessment Approaches Based on Fuzzy Methods in Occupational Health and Safety

Taking continuous and effective measures is the greatest need in terms of occupational health and safety to minimize possible accidents that may occur in all industrial organizations that provide production and service and the damage of these accidents to humans, the environment, and business. For this reason, different risk assessment methodologies are used to minimize all possible hazards. Risk assessment is an important part of occupational health and safety (OHS) management. When an appropriate risk assessment is carried out, hazards and risks are identified, people who may be at risk are identified, and where control measures are needed to prevent illness/injury can be determined. This study aims to examine the risk assessment applications made within the scope of occupational health and safety by using the fuzzy logic approach. For this purpose, a systematic literature search was conducted in the Scopus database for articles related to predetermined inclusion criteria. In the study, conference proceedings, theses, and book chapters were not examined, only research articles were examined. In addition, no articles written in a language other than English and Turkish were added as the languages of the articles. It was seen that the studies examined were generally studied with three factors and the risks associated with an event were examined in terms of the probability of occurrence of the event, the frequency of the event, and the degree of importance. The construction and chemical industries are the leading sectors in which risk assessment is applied. Also, sensitivity analysis, which is part of the fuzzy-based risk assessment process, was not performed in many of the articles reviewed. As a result, for risks that do not have an appropriate quantitative probability model, the fuzzy logic system helps to model cause-effect relationships, assess the degree of risk exposure, and consistently rank the key risks according to both available data and experts.

Keywords:

fuzzy logic, occupational health and safety, literature review, risk assesment,

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