LITERATURE AND ENGLISH CULTURE IN ELT

Dil, kültür ve edebiyat arasındaki devingen ilişki düşünüldüğünde, kültürün ve edebiyatın yabancı dil eğitiminde belirli bir yere sahip olmaları gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Bu makalenin amacı üç ELT ders kitabı serisindeki (Speak Out, New Headway and Global) okuma parçalarında, edebiyata ve İngiliz kültürüne ilişkin öğelerin nasıl temsil edildiği konusuna ışık tutmaktır. Makale, ayrıca, bu okuma parçaları içerisinde edebi metinlere diğer metin türlerine kıyasla ne ölçüde yer verildiğini ve benzer şekilde İngiliz kültürünün diğer kültürlere kıyasla ne ölçüde temsil edildiğini incelemeyi amaçlar. Edebi ve kültürel öğelerin kullanılma şekillerinin başlangıç ve üst-orta düzeyler arasındaki farklar ve alt kategorilere ilişkin detaylar, bu öğelerin kullanılma sıklığını ve çeşitliliğini görmek amacıyla kullanılan içerik analizi yöntemiyle sunulmuştur. Makalenin sonuç bölümünde, bu ELT ders kitabı serilerinde okuma becerileri öğretim sürecinde edebiyatın ve İngiliz kültürünün ağırlığı hakkında fikir vermek amacıyla bulgular tartışılır

LITERATURE AND ENGLISH CULTURE IN ELT

The dynamic relationship among language, culture and literature leads to the idea that the latter two should find place in foreign language education. This paper aims to shed light on the representation of elements related to literature and English culture in the reading texts at elementary and upper-intermediate levels of three ELT coursebook series, Speak Out, New Headway and Global. It also endeavors to display the place of literary texts in comparison with other text types as well as that of English culture compared to other cultures. Differences between elementary and upper-intermediate levels of the ELT coursebooks in terms of how these elements are utilized and details related to cultural and literary subcategories are identified through content analysis which is employed to find out the frequency and variety of these elements. The paper concludes with the discussion of the findings to comment on the weight of literature and English culture in the process of teaching reading skills in these ELT coursebook series

___

  • Alptekin, C. (1993). Target-language culture in EFL materials. ELT Journal. 47 (2), 136- 143.
  • Bates, P. & Plog, F. (1990). Cultural anthropology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Berger, A. (1991). Media research techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). White Plains, NY: Pearson.
  • Byram, M. (1988). Cultural studies in foreign language education. Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Carter, R. (2007). Literature and language teaching 1986-2006: A Review. International Journal of Applies Linguistics, 17 (1), 3-13.
  • Collie, J. & Slater, S. (1987). Literature in the language classroom: A Resource book of ideas and activities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Damen, L. (1987). Culture learning: The fifth dimension in the language classroom. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • Fox, S. & Allen, V. (1983). The language arts: An integrated approach. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
  • Gray, J. (2002). The global course in English language teaching. In B. David & D. Cameron. Globalization and language teaching. London and New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
  • Harmer, J. (1991). The practice of English language teaching. London: Longman.
  • Hutchinson, T. & Torres, E. (1994). The textbook as agent of change. ELT Journal, 48 (4), 315-328.
  • Kitao, K. & Kitao, S. K. (1997). Selecting and developing teaching/learning materials. The Internet TESL Journal, 4 (4). Retrieved from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Kitao-Materials.html
  • Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kramsch, C. (1995). The cultural component of language teaching. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 8 (2), 83-92.
  • Littlejohn, A. (1992). Why are ELT materials the way they are? (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Lancaster University, Lancaster. Retrieved from www.AndrewLittlejohn.net
  • Meyer, J. (1997). What is literature? A definition based on prototypes. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 41. Retrieved from http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/linguistics/wp/1997Meyer.PDF
  • McLeod, B. (1976). The relevance of anthropology to language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 10 (2), 211-220.
  • Moody, H. L. B. (1971). The teaching of literature. London: Longman.
  • O’Neill, R. (1982). Why use textbooks? ELT Journal, 36 (2), 104-111.
  • Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Peterson, E. & Coltran, B. (2003). Culture in second language teaching. Digest. Retrieved from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/0309_peterson.html
  • Povey, J. (1972). Literature in TESL programs: The language and the culture. In H. Allen, & R. Campbell (Eds.), Teaching English as a second language. NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Rivers, W. M. (1981). Teaching foreign language skills (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sheldon, L. E. (1988). Evaluating ELT textbooks and materials. ELT Journal 42 (4), 237- 246.
  • Starkey, H. (1999). Foreign language teaching to adults: Implicit and explicit political education. Oxford Review of Education, 25 (1/2).
  • Stern, H. H. (1993). Issues and options in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Valdes, J. M. (Ed.). (1986). Culture bound: Bridging the cultural gap in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Widdowson, H. G. (1983). Learning purpose and language use. Oxford: Oxford University Press.