KİM DAHA YOKSUN HİSSEDİYOR: YAŞ VE EĞİTİMİN YOKSUNLUK ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Türkiye’de kendisini kim daha yoksun hissediyor? Bu yoksunluk algısının ortaya çıkmasında demografik etkenlerin rolü nedir? Bu çalışma en temelde bu sorulara bir cevap arayışıdır. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak, göreli yoksunluk algısının dört modelini inceledik. Sırasıyla, Davis’in, Runciman’ın, Gurr’un ve Crosby’nin yoksunluğu açıklama modellerine yer verdik. Dört modelin de değindiği ortak nokta, göreli yoksunluk algısının en temelde bireysel veya grup düzeyinde meydana gelen sosyal karşılaştırmalara dayanması olmuştur. Yoksunluk algısı bir zihin durumunu ifade eder ve kişinin kendisinin ya da ait olduğu bir grubun bir referans noktasıyla karşılaştırıldığında dezavantajlı olduğu durumda ortaya çıkar. Türkiye’de insanlar arasındaki bu karşılaştırmalardaki en önemli referans noktalarından biri ise desteklenen siyasi parti türüdür. İkinci olarak, Türkiye’de siyasi parti türüne göre ortaya çıkan göreli yoksunluk algısının oluşumunda yaş ve eğitimin etkisi inceledik. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre, siyasi parti türüne göre ortaya çıkan göreli yoksunluk algısı yaş düzeyine bağlı olarak farklılaşmaktayken, eğitim düzeyine bağlı olarak farklılaşmamaktadır. 2002 krizini yaşamamış, 2002-2013 yılları arasındaki ekonomik gelişmeye tanık olmuş 18-24 yaş arası katılımcılar kendilerini daha yoksun ve mutsuz hissediyorlarken, 2002 krizini ve öncesindeki 80’li ve 90’lı yılları yaşamış olan daha yaşlı katılımcılar, gençlere göre daha az yoksunluk ve hoşnutsuzluk hissediyorlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Göreli Yoksunluk Algısı, Yaş, Eğitim, Siyasi Parti, Türkiye

WHO FEELS MORE DEPRIVED: THE EFFECT OF AGE AND EDUCATION ON PERCEPTION OF DEPRIVATION

Who feels more deprived in Turkey? What is the role of demographic factors in this perception of deprivation? This study is a search for an answer to these questions. Accordingly, we first examined four models of relative deprivation perception. We considered Davis's, Runciman's, Gurr's, and Crosby's models of explaining relative deprivation. The common point addressed by all four models is that the perception of relative deprivation is based on social comparisons that occur at the individual or group level. Therefore, the perception of deprivation refers to a state of mind and occurs when a person is at a disadvantage when comparing himself/herself to a reference point. In Turkey, one of the most important reference points in social comparisons is the type of political party supported. Secondly, we examined the effect of age and education level on the perception of individual-based relative deprivation, which varies according to the type of political party in Turkey. The results obtained in the present analyses show that the perception of relative deprivation varies according to the age level but does not differ depending on educational level. Participants aged 18-24 who did not experience the 2002 crisis feel more deprived and unhappy. However, older respondents who experienced the 2002 crisis and the preceding 80s and 90s feel less deprivation and discontent than younger people.

Keywords:

The Perception of Relative Deprivation, Age, Education, Political Party, Turkey,

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