KARAYOLU ÖLÇMELERİNDE İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARININ KULLANILMASI: OKURCALAR ŞEHİR MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ

Trafik akışının yoğun ve ölçülecek detayların fazla olduğu karayolu şehir merkezi geçişlerinde yersel yöntemlerle sayısal arazi modeli üretimi, zaman ve maliyet açısından olumsuzluk getirmektedir. Farklı becerilere sahip ölçüm araçlarını taşıyabilen ve maliyetleri düşüş eğiliminde olan insansız hava araçları (İHA), ortofoto ve sayısal arazi modeli üretimi için etkili sistemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, GNSS-IMU destekli bir İHA ve Structure From Motion (SFM) algoritması kullanılarak 700 metrelik karayolu koridorunun 4,9 cm mekânsal çözünürlüklü ortofoto görüntüsü ve nokta bulutu elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen nokta bulutuna Cloth Simulation Filtering (CSF) ve Gaussian filtreleme yöntemleri uygulandıktan sonra test karayolu koridorunun sayısal arazi modeli elde edilmiştir. İHA sisteminin doğruluğu yersel yöntem ile test edilmiş, İHA yönteminin sert satıhlı zeminlerde 3,96 cm, toprak zeminlerde 7,32 cm düşey doğrulukla 3B veri üretebileceği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, İHA sistemlerinin fotogrametrik ölçümlere engel bir detay içermeyen düz arazi yapılı karayolu koridorlarında ortofoto görüntü ve sayısal arazi modeli üretiminde oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İHA fotogrametrisi, sayısal arazi modeli, filtreleme, karayolu ölçmeleri, şehir geçişi

USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN ROADWAY MEASUREMENTS: OKURCALAR CITY CENTER EXAMPLE

In the roadway city center transitions where the traffic flow is dense and the detail to be measured is high, production of digital terrain model by terrestrial methods brings negation in terms of time and cost. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can carry measuring instruments with different skills and tend to decrease in cost, are effective systems for production of orthophoto and digital terrain model. In this study, point cloud and 4.9 cm spatial resolution orthophoto image of 700-meter roadway corridor was produced by using Structure From Motion (SFM) algorithm and an UAV supported by GNSS-IMU. After applying the Cloth Simulation Filtering (CSF) and Gaussian filtering methods to the obtained point cloud, the digital terrain model of the test roadway corridor was obtained. The accuracy of the UAV system was tested by the terrestrial method, it has been determined that UAV method can obtain 3D data with a vertical accuracy of 3.96 cm on hard surface grounds and 7.32 cm on soil grounds. The results show that the UAV systems is very effective in the production of orthophoto images and digital terrain models in roadway corridors which have flatness terrain and have no objects that prevent photogrammetric surveys.

Keywords:

UAV photogrammetry, digital terrain model, filtering, roadway measurements, city transition,

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