Anaerobik parçalanma süreçlerine iz element ilavesi ve etki mekanizmaları

Anaerobik parçalanma çeşitli mikrobiyal toplulukların aktivitelerine ve iş birliğine dayalı olan hassas ve çok aşamalı kompleks süreçleri içerir. Bu süreçteki mikroorganizmaların büyümesi için hem organik madde hem de iz elementlerin ilavesi önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. İz elementler organizmaların ve enzimlerin yapısına katılarak biyokimyasal reaksiyonların kararlılığını sağlamaktadır. Optimum seviyelerdeki iz element ilavesi daha fazla organik madde bozunması, düşük uçucu yağ asidi konsantrasyonu ve yüksek biyogaz üretimi ile olumlu etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. İz elementlerin türleşmeleri ile biyoyararlanımı arasındaki ilişkinin yeterince anlaşılmadığı durumlarda etkisiz iz element dozlama stratejileri oluşmaktadır. İz element türü ve ideal iz element konsantrasyonları sistemdeki mikroorganizmaların ihtiyaçlarına göre çeşitlilik gösterir. Öte taraftan anaerobik süreçlere iz elementlerin ilavesi kullanılan substrat, teknoloji, işletme koşulları, karmaşık biyokimyasal reaksiyonlar, biyoyararlanım gibi birçok parametrenin etkilediği ideal konsantrasyon seviyelerinin belirlenmesi sistemin sağlıklı ve etkili çalışması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu derleme çalışması ile amaç iz elementlerin anaerobik parçalanma süreçlerine ilavesinin gerekçeleri ve anaerobik süreçlerdeki akıbeti hakkındaki bilgileri özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anaerobik parçalanma, Biyogaz, Biyoyararlanma, İz element, Metan

Supplementation of trace elements to the anaerobic digestion and effect on the mechanisms in the processes: A review

Anaerobic digestion involves delicate and multi-step complex processes based on the activities and cooperation of various microbial communities. The addition of both organic matter and trace elements is an important need for the growth of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion. Trace elements contribute to the structure of organisms and enzymes, ensuring the stability of biochemical reactions. Optimum levels of trace element addition are known to have positive effects with greater organic matter degradation, lower volatile fatty acid concentration and higher biogas production. In cases where the relationship between speciation and bioavailability of trace elements is not well understood, ineffective trace element dosing strategies are formed. Trace element species and ideal trace element concentrations vary according to the needs of the microorganisms in the biosystem. On the other hand, the addition of trace elements to anaerobic processes is affected by many parameters such as the substrate used, technology, operating conditions, complex biochemical reactions, and bioavailability. These parameters are important for determining the optimum trace element levels needed and for the healthy and effective operation of the system. The aim of this review is to summarize the information about the reasons for the addition of trace elements to the anaerobic digestion system and their fate in anaerobic processes.

Keywords:

Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Bioavailability, Methane, Trace element,

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