ÖĞRENİLMİŞ ŞİDDET: EDWARD BOND'UN THE CHILDREN ADLI OYUNUNUNDA BANDURA'NIN SOSYAL ÖĞRENME KURAMI

Bu çalışma, Bandura'nın sosyal öğrenme kuramına odaklanarak Edward Bond'un The Children oyunundaki öğrenilmiş şiddet temasını incelemektedir. Kanada doğumlu Amerikalı bir psikolog olan Albert Bandura, bireyler hakkında davranışçı soruları inceleyerek sosyal öğrenme kuramını geliştirir. Bandura kuramında, şiddet davranışının doğuştan gelen saldırgan eğilimlerin sonucu olduğuna dair zaman aşımına uğramış yaygın inanca yanıt olarak, öğrenenin zihninin ve çevresinin davranışını etkilediğini öne sürer. Bu kuram, bir sosyal çevrede başkalarının davranış, tutum ve duygusal tepkilerini gözlemlemeyi, modellemeyi ve taklit etmeyi öne çıkarır. Edward Bond ise çağdaş İngiliz tiyatrosunun en iddialı ve üretken yazarlarından biridir. 2000 yılında ilk gösterimi yapılan ve on iki sahneden oluşan kısa oyunu The Children (Çocuklar), yazarın son dönem eserlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Bond oyununda genç karakterleri kullanarak, sosyal çevrenin gençler üzerindeki etkilerini vurgulamayı amaçlar. Oyun, istismarcı ve şiddet uygulayan annesiyle yaşayan ergen Joe’nun etrafında gelişir. Annesiyle karşılaştırıldığında Joe zamanla daha fazla şiddet uygulayan bir kişiye dönüşür çünkü içinde bir çocuğun ölmesine neden olan binayı annesinin isteğiyle yakmıştır. Böylece Bond'un oyunu, Bandura'nın kuramına paralel olarak şiddetin öğrenilmiş bir davranış olduğuna dikkat çeker.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Albert Bandura, The Children, Edward Bond, Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı, Şiddet

LEARNED VIOLENCE: BANDURA’S SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY IN EDWARD BOND'S THE CHILDREN

This study focuses on Bandura's social learning theory by examining the theme of learned violence in Edward Bond's The Children. Albert Bandura, a significant Canadian-born American psychologist, studied behaviourist questions about individuals and developed what is now known as social learning theory. In response to the outdated belief that violent behaviour is the result of innate aggressive tendencies, he introduced the theory which is concerned with the interaction of the learner's mind and its surroundings. Bandura's theory posits that people learn new behaviour, attitudes, and emotional responses by observing, modelling, and imitating the actions of others in their social environment. Edward Bond, on the other hand, has been one of the most controversial and prolific writers in contemporary British theatre. His twelve-scene short play The Children, which premiered in 2000, is considered as one of his later works. By using young characters in his work, the playwright reflects on the effects of social environment on teenagers. The play is about Joe, a teenager who lives with his abusive mother. When compared to his mother, Joe becomes more violent over time because he burns down a building in which a child dies. Thus, Bond's play demonstrates how violence is learned in parallel with Bandura's theory.

Keywords:

Albert Bandura, The Children, Edward Bond, Social Learning Theory, Violence,

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