“AYNA AYNA, SÖYLE BANA! VAR MI BENDEN GÜZELİ BU DÜNYADA?” ÖRGÜTLERDE NARSİST LİDERLER VE ONLARIN ÇALIŞANLARIN İŞ DAVRANIŞLARINDAKİ ÖNEMLİ ETKİLERİ

Yıkıcı liderlik özellikleri ve yetersiz liderlerin, örgüt kültürünü ve değerlerini nasıl tehlikeye attıkları, günümüzde işletme yönetimi kapsamında yoğun bir şekilde ilgi çeken konular haline gelmiştir. Liderlerin başarısızlıklarıyla ilişkilendirilen kişilik özellikleri olan Narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve Psikopati, “Karanlık Üçlü” kişilik grubu kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Narsisizm, kişinin kendisini aşırı düzeyde beğenmesini, kendisine düşkünlüğü, aşırı bencilliği, kibiri, böbürlenmeyi ve diğerlerine göre üstün olduklarını yansıtan tutum ve davranışları kapsamaktadır. Narsisizm, istenmeyen kişilik özelliklerinden birisi olarak kabul edildiği için, narsist liderler örgütlerde yetki sahibi olduklarında ve kişisel faaliyet alanları geliştiğinde örgütte olumsuz ve istenmeyen koşullar kolaylıkla oluşabilir. Narsist liderlerin sadece kendilerini düşündükleri, dünyanın kendi eksenleri etrafında döndüğünü ve onlar olmadan örgütün gerçek potansiyelineerişemeyeceğine ve sonunda yok olacağına sanmaları bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmada, narsisizm ve narsistik liderler tanımlanacak ve başvurdukları taktikler detaylı olarak ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra, sonuç bölümünde, narsistik liderlerden uzak durmanın yöntemleri irdelenecek ve onların örgütte çalışanlar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılmasının yolları anlatılacak ve bu konuda önerilerde bulunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Narsisizm, Narsist Liderler, Narsist Liderlik

MIRROR, MIRROR, ON THE WALL, WHO'S THE FAIREST OF THEM ALL? NARCISSISTIC LEADERS IN ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR MAJOR EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEE WORK BEHAVIORS

The destructive aspects of leadership and how dysfunctional leaders can jeopardize an organization’s culture and values have been a trend topic in business management recently. The personality traits that are associated with leader failure mainly come with the Dark Triad traits: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Narcissism covers some attitudes and behaviors such as an admiration for oneself, self-love, extreme selfishness, arrogance, grandiosity and superiority upon others. As narcissism is described as one of the undesired personality traits, unhealthy conditions and destructive consequences can easily be occurred when the narcissistic leaders get authorization and come into action in organizations. It’s clear that narcissistic leaders are only interested in him/herself and they usually think that the world is revolving on the axis of “self” and without their leadership, the organization cannot reach its full potential and disappear in the end. In this conceptual paper, narcissism and narcissistic leaders will be identified and their tactics will be revealed in detail. Then, the common attitudes and behaviors they engage in and reflect others will be outlined and in the conclusion section, the precautions that can be taken to prevent form narcissistic leaders and the ways to reduce their negative effects on employee work behaviors in organizations will be listed and recommendations will be made thoroughly

Keywords:

Narcissism, Narcissistic Leaders, Narcissistic Leadership,

PDF

___

Blair, C. A., Helland, K. and Walton, B. (2017). Leaders Behaving Badly: The Relationship Between Narcissism and Unethical Leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(2), 333-346. Braun, S. (2017). Leader Narcissism and Outcomes in Organizations: A Review at Multiple Levels of Analysis and Implications for Future Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 773. Braun, S. (2016). Narcissistic Leadership. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1-9. Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S. and Sedikides, C. (2016). Separating Narcissism from Self-Esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(1), 8-13. Burke, R. J. (2006). Why Leaders Fail: Exploring the Darkside. International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 91-100. Byrne, K. A. and Worthy, D. A. (2013). Do Narcissists Make Better Decisions? An Investigation of Narcissism and Dynamic Decision-Making Performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 112-117. Caprino, K. (2019). Narcissistic Leaders—the Destructive Lies They Tell Themselves and others. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathycaprino/2019/06/07/narcissistic-leadersthe-destructive-lies-they-tell-themselves-and-others/#463e1efa1b67. Accessed: 11.10.2019. Cashman, K. (2017). Leadership from the Inside Out: Becoming A Leader for Life. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Clarke, J. (2019). How to Recognize Someone with Covert Narcissism. Verywellmind. https://www.verywellmind.com/understanding-the-covert-narcissist-4584587.Accessed: 12.10.2019. Erkutlu, H. and Chafra, J. (2017). Leaders’ Narcissism and Organizational Cynicism in Healthcare Organizations. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 10(5), 346-363. Fatfouta, R. (2019). Facets of Narcissism and Leadership: A Tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? Human Resource Management Review, 29(4), 100669. Fredah Mainah, M. B. A. and Perkins, V. (2015). Narcissism in Organizational Leadership. Cell, 269, 250-0773. Fuller, P. J., Galvin, B. M. and Ashforth, B. E. (2018). Larger Than Life. Organizational Dynamics, 47(1), 8-16. Godkin, L. and Allcorn, S. (2011). Organizational Resistance to Destructive Narcissistic Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(4), 559-570. Guedes, M. J. C. (2017). Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Am I the Greatest Performer of All? Narcissism and Self-Reported and Objective Performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 182-185. Harms, P. D., Spain, S. M. and Hannah, S. T. (2011). Leader Development and the Dark Side of Personality. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 495-509. Hoffman, B. J., Strang, S. E., Kuhnert, K. W., Campbell, W. K., Kennedy, C. L. and LoPilato, A. C. (2013). Leader Narcissism and Ethical Context: Effects on Ethical Leadership and Leader Effectiveness. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 25-37. Humphreys, J. H., Novicevic, M. M., Hayek, M., Gibson, J. W., Pane Haden, S. S. and Williams, Jr, W. A. (2016). Disharmony in New Harmony: Insights from the Narcissistic Leadership of Robert Owen. Journal of Management History, 22(2), 146-170. Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A. and Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving Yourself Abundantly: Relationship of the Narcissistic Personality to Self-and Other Perceptions of Workplace Deviance, Leadership, and Task and Contextual Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762. Kaufman, S. B., Weiss, B., Miller, J. D. and Campbell, W. K. (2018). Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1-S10. Krizan, Z. and Herlache, A. D. (2018). The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(1), 3-31. Leary, T. and Ashman, J. (2018). Narcissistic Leadership: Important Considerations and Practical Implications. International Leadership Journal, 10(2). Lyons, M. (2019). The Dark Triad of Personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy in Everyday Life. Academic Press. Maccoby, M. (2004). Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons. Organizational Culture, Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2004/01/narcissistic-leaders-the-incredible-pros-the-inevitable-cons. Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S. and Campbell, W. K. (2017). Controversies in Narcissism. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13, 291-315. Nevicka, B., De Hoogh, A. H., Den Hartog, D. N. and Belschak, F. D. (2018). Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 422. Nevicka, B., Ten Velden, F. S., De Hoogh, A. H. and Van Vianen, A. E. (2011). Reality at Odds with Perceptions: Narcissistic Leaders and Group Performance. Psychological Science, 22(10), 1259-1264. O'Reilly III, C. A., Doerr, B., Caldwell, D. F. and Chatman, J. A. (2014). Narcissistic CEOs and Executive Compensation. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(2), 218-231. Ouimet, G. (2010). Dynamics of Narcissistic Leadership in Organizations: Towards an Integrated Research Model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(7), 713-726. Rogoza, R., Kwiatkowska, M. M., Kowalski, C. M. and Ślaski, S. (2018). A Brief Tale of the Two Faces of Narcissism and the Two Facets of Pride. Personality and Individual Differences, 126, 104-108. Rosenbach, W. E. (2018). Contemporary Issues in Leadership. Routledge. Schyns, B. and Schilling, J. (2013). How Bad Are the Effects of Bad Leaders? A Meta-Analysis of Destructive Leadership and Its Outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 138-158. Yu, F., Wu, Y. and Liu, J. (2018, September). Narcissistic Leadership and Feedback Avoidance Behavior: The Role of Sense of Power and Proactive Personality. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Business and Information Management (pp. 95-99). ACM.