Yenilenen Park Alanlarında İklim Odaklı Tasarımlar: Erzurum Kentsel Dönüşüm Alanı Örneği

Günümüzdeki uygulanan parklarda sert zemin oranlarının gitgide arttığı çalışmalar ortaya çıkmakta ve bitkisel materyal kullanımı azalmaktadır. Ayrıca yeni yapılan parkların çoğunda işlevsellikten önce estetik değere sahip bitkisel materyallerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu gözlemler sonucunda sert zeminlerin artmasının kentlerimizdeki iklimi nasıl etkilediği merak konusudur. Çalışma alanı Erzurum Kalesi’nin batısında yer alıp kentsel dönüşüm alanı kapsamında bulunmaktadır. Mevcutta otopark olarak kullanılan ve ezilmiş toprak örtüsüne sahip alana; 5 farklı senaryo ile beraber sert zemin oranlarının değiştiği tasarımlar yapılmıştır. Yapılan tasarımlar ENVI-met programıyla değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bu tasarımlar kapsamında sert zemin oranı arttıkça iklim odaklı dış mekan termal konforunun olumsuz yönde etkilendiği çalışma sonucunda tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan bu tespitler Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) standartlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma sonucunda bitkilerin kullanım şekilleri ve yerlerinin de önem kazandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma alanında park içerisindeki dış mekan termal konforunu etkili bir şekilde arttıran parametreler; yeşil alanların artması, ağaçların kullanılması ve çalıların ağaçlarla birlikte kullanılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; tasarım yapılan park alanı için yeşil alan kullanımı oranı azaldıkça, dış mekan termal konforunun “termal stressiz” aralığından “hafif sıcaklık stresli” ya da “sıcaklık stresli” aralığına geçiş yaptığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kentsel dönüşüm alanı, İklim odaklı peyzaj, Dış mekan termal konforu, Erzurum

Climate-Oriented Designs in Renewed Parking Areas: Erzurum Urban Transformation Area Case

In today's applied parks, hard floor rates are increasing and the use of plant material is decreasing. In addition, in most of the new parks, it is seen that plant materials with aesthetic value are used before functionality. As a result of these observations, it is curious to see how the increase of hard surfaces affected the climate in our cities. The study area is located in the west of Erzurum Castle and is within the scope of urban transformation area. In the area with crushed land cover, which is used as a car parking area, designs with 5 different scenarios and hard floor rates were changed. The designs were evaluated by ENVI-met program. As the hard floor ratio increases; climate-oriented outdoor thermal comfort was affected negatively in the study. These determinations were made according to Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) standards. In addition, it is observed that the use of plants and their places have gained importance. Factors that change positively the outdoor thermal comfort of the space in the park; the increase in green areas, the use of trees and the use of trees with shrubs. As a result, as the ratio of green space usage for the designed parking area decreases; It has been determined that the thermal comfort of the outdoor thermal comfort shifts from the "Comfortable" range to the "Slight Heat Stress" or "Modereta Heat Stress" range.

Keywords:

Urban transformation area, Climate-oriented landscape, Outdoor thermal comfort, Erzurum,

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