Ömer Şerif YILDIZ, Filiz AYANOĞLU, Nadire Pelin BAHADIRLI

Saparna (Smilax aspera L., Smilax excelsa L.) Türlerinin Bazı Morfolojik ve Kimyasal Özellikleri

İki sarsaparilla türü, Smilax aspera L. ve Smilax excelsa L., Hatay florasında doğal olarak yayılış göstermektedir. Çalışmada, farklı lokasyonlardan toplanan bu türlerin bazı fenolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin yanı sıra, antioksidan kapasiteleri ve sabit yağ içerikleri ile bileşenleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, en yüksek 100 meyve ağırlığı 37.69 g ile Yayladağı 2 lokasyonundan, en yüksek 100 çekirdek ağırlığı 24.47 ile Yayladagi 1 lokasyonundan toplanan S. aspera L. türüne ait örneklerde elde edilmiştir. Yaprak ve meyvelerin antioksidan kapasitesi açısından, tür ve lokasyonlar arasında istatistiki olarak önemli bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Yaprakların antioksidan kapasiteleri 62.28 ile 64.57 mmol.Fe+2/kg arasında değişirken meyvelerin antioksidan kapasiteleri 63.91 ile 66.31 mmol.Fe+2/kg arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek çekirdek sabit yağ oranı %11.42 ile Yayladağı 3 lokasyonundan toplanan S. aspera L. türünde elde edilmiştir. Genel olarak sabit yağın ana bileşeni vaccenic asit olmuştur. En yüksek vaccenic asit oranı %37.50 ile Yayaladağı 2 lokasyonundan toplanan S. aspera L. türüne ait çekirdek örneklerinde belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Smilax türlerinin yaprakları ve meyveleri önemli bir doğal antioksidan kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Smilax, antioksidan, yağ asitleri

Some Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L., Smilax excelsa L.)

Two sarsaparilla species Smilax aspera L. and Smilax excelsa L. show natural distribution in Hatay flora. In the study, besides some phenological and morphological characteristics, antioxidant capacity and fixed oil contents and components of Smilax species collected from different locations were determined. The highest 100 fruit weight with 37.69 g was obtained from the sample of S. aspera L. species collected from Yayladagi 2 location and the highest 100 seed weight with 24.47 g from Yayladagi 1 location. In terms of antioxidant capacity of the leaves and fruits, insignificant differences were observed among the species and locations. The antioxidant capacities of leaves ranged 62.28 to 64.57 mmol.Fe+2/kg while fruit antioxidant capacities ranged from 63.91 to 66.31 mmol. Fe+2/kg. The highest value of seed fixed oil with 11.42% was obtained from the S. aspera L. sample collected in Yayladağı 3 location. Major fatty acid component was found as vaccenic acid in general for all samples. The highest content of vaccenic acid found as 37.50% from S. aspera seed samples of Yayladagi 2 location. As a result, the leaves and berries of smilax species could be considered as a significant natural antioxidant source.

Keywords:

Smilax, antioxidant, fatty acids,

PDF

___

Asımgil A, 2003. Şifalı Bitkiler. Timaş Yayinları, İstanbul, 352s.
Bailey LH, 1950. The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Vol. III., pages 2423-4056, The Macmillan Company, New York.
Baytop T, 1984. Turkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Gecmiste ve Bugun), İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 3255, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayın No: 40, İstanbul, 520 s.
Bruno S, De Laurentis N, Amico A, Stefanizzi L, 1985. Fluorescence spectra of some steroidal sapogenin fluophors. Fitoterapia, 56(1): 39–41.
Busia K, 2016. Fundamentals of Herbal Medicine: Major Plant Families, Analytical Methods, Materia Medica, V:2, Xlibris, ISBN, 1524592846, 794p.
Challinor VL, Parsons PG, Chap S, White EF, Blanchfield JT, Lehmann RP and De Voss JJ, 2012. Steroidal saponins from the roots of Smilax sp.: Structure and Bioactivity. Steroids, 77:504-511.
D'Antuono LFA, Lovato A, 2003. Germination Trials and Domestication Potential of Three Native Species with Edible Sprouts: Ruscus aculeatus L., Tamus communis L. and Smilax aspera L. ISHS. Acta Hort. 598. International Symposium on Sustainable Use of Plant Biodiversity to Promote New Opportunities for Horticultural Production Development, s 211-218.
Davis PH, 1984. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. V. 8. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, U.K.
Davis PH, 1988. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. V. 10. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, U.K.
Delgado-Pelayo R and Hornero-Mendez D, 2012. Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Carotenoids and Their Esters from Sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L.) Berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60:8225-8232.
Demo A, Petrakis C, Kefalas P and Boskou D, 1998. Nutrient Antioxidants in some herbs and Mediterranean plant leaves. Food Research International, 31(5): 351-354.
Dogan Y, Baslar S, Ay G, Mert HH, 2004. The use of wild edible plants in western and central Anatolia (Turkey). Economic Botany, 58(4): 684-690.
Erik S and Tarikahya B, 2004. Turkiye Florası Uzerine. Kebikec İnsan Kaynakları Arastırmaları Dergisi, 17: 139-163.
Foster S and Duke JA, 2000. Medicinal Plants and Herbs of Eastern and Central North America. 2nd edn, Peterson Field Guides. Houghton Mifflin, New York.
Guner A, Ekim T, Ozhatay N and Baser HC, 2000. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. V. 11. Edingburgh University Press, Edinburgh, UK.
Gurdal B and Kultur S, 2013. An Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Mugla, Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146: 113-126.
Ivanova A, Mikhova B, Batsalova T, Dzhambazov B and Kostova I, 2011. New furostanol saponins from Smilax aspera L. and their in vitro cytotoxicity. Fitoterapia, 82: 282-287.
Longo L and Vasapollo G, 2006. Extraction and identification of anthocyanins from Smilax aspera L. berries. Food Chemistry, 94: 226-231.
Ozgul-Yucel S, 2005. Determination of conjugated linolenic acid content of selected oil seeds grown in Turkey. J Amer Oil Chem Soc, 82(12): 893-897.
Ozhatay N and Kultur S, 2006. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey III. Turk J Bot. 30: 281-316.
Ozhatay N, Kultur S and Aslan S, 2009. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey IV. Turk J Bot., 33:191-226.
Ozsoy N, Can A, Yanardağ R and Akev N, 2008. Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 110(3): 571-583.
Pellegrini N, Serafini M, Colombi B, Del Rio D, Salvatore S, Bianchi M and Brighenti F, 2003. Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays. J Nutr., 133(9): 2812-2819.
Delgado-Pelayo P and Hornero-Mendez D, 2012. Identification and quantitative analysis of carotenoids and their esters from sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L.) berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60: 8225-8232.
Salihoglu ME, Akaydın G, Can-Caliskan E and Akaydin-Yardim S, 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of various herbal folk evaluation medicine. Fabad J. Pharm. Sci., 35: 59-67.
Souri E, Amin G, Dehmobed-Sharifabadi A, Nazifi A and Farsam H, 2004. Antioxidative activity of sixty plants from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3: 55-59.
Temel S and Tan M, 2011. Akdeniz bolgesi makiliklerindeki calı turlerinin rakim ve yoneye bagli olarak yaprak verimleri ve oranlarinin belirlenmesi. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 17(2): 257-262.
Van-Wyk BE and Wink M, 2004. Medicinal Plants of the World. Pretoria, South Africa: Briza Publications.
Vural M, 2003. Turkiye’nin tehlike altindaki bitkileri. FAO/BM Tematik Grubu, Turkiye’de Biyolojik Cesitlilik ve Organik Tarim Calistay Raporu, 15-16 Nisan 2003. 168-183.
Yesilada E, Sezik E, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Takeda Y and Tanaka T, 1999. Traditional medicine in Turkey IX: Folk Medicine in North-West Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 64: 195-210.