YAZMA EĞİTİMİNDE GERİ BİLDİRİM TÜRLERİ VE KULLANIMI

Yazma bir hamlede başlayıp biten bir eylem değildir. Yazma süreci; hazırlık, plan yapma, taslak oluşturma, düzeltme paylaşma aşamalarından oluşur. İyi bir metin yazmak için düzeltme aşamasında çoğu zaman bir metni birkaç kez gözden geçirmek gerekir. İnsanlar kendi yazdıkları metinlerdeki hatalarını belirlemekte güçlük çekebilir. Bu bakımdan yazma eğitiminde okur/öğretmen geri bildirimi yazma kalitesini etkileyen önemli bir etkendir. Bu çalışmada yazma eğitiminde kullanılan geri bildirimler sınıflandırılmış, açıklanmış ve örneklendirilmiş, avantaj ve dezavantajlarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Yazma eğitiminde geri bildirimler bakış açısına göre farklı şekillerde sınıflandırılabilmektedir. Metni değerlendiren kişi açısından geri bildirimler öğretmen ve akran geri bildirimi olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. İletişim biçimi açısından ise yazılı ve sözlü geri bildirim olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Diğer geri bildirim türleri ise şöyledir: Övgü ve yergi bildiren geri bildirimler, değerlendirenin tutumuna göre yapıcı, yansız ve yıkıcı geri bildirimler; özgül ve genel geri bildirimler; biçime ve içeriğe yönelik geri bildirimler; açık ve muğlak geri bildirimler; metin içi ve metin dışı geri bildirimler.

TYPES AND USE OF FEEDBACK IN WRITING EDUCATION

Writing is not an action that starts and ends at one fell swoop. The writing process consist of preparation, planning, drafting, revising and sharing. It is often necessary to revise a text a few times for writing a good text. People may have difficulty in defining the errors in the texts they have written by themselves. In this respect, reader / teacher feedback is an important factor identifying writing quality in writing education. In this study, feedback used in writing was categorized, described, exemplified, and it was assessed in terms of its pros and cons. Feedback in writing education can be classified in different ways from the point of view. Feedback is divided into two as teacher and peer feedback from the viewpoint of the person studying the text. Whereas it is divided into two as verbal and written feedback with regard to the way of communication. Other types of feedback are as follows: complimentary and critical feedback; constructive, neutral and destructive feedback according to the evaluator's attitude; intrinsic and extrinsic feedback; form-oriented and content-oriented feedback; clear and ambiguous feedback; intratextual and extratextual feedback.

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