Etnik Milliyetçilikten Sivil Milliyetçiliğe Geçişte Tarihin Rolü:Quebec Örneği

ÖzetBu makale, ulusal kimliğin inşasında tarihsel sürecin önemini, özellikle toprağa dayalı, sivilQuebec kimliğinin ortaya çıkışı bağlamında ele almakta. Quebec milliyetçiliği, tıpkı Katalanve İskoç milliyetçiliği gibi genelde etnik milliyetçilik şeklinde tarif edilir. Etnik milliyetçilikçoğu zaman gerici ve hatta ırkçı olarak resmedildiğinden Quebec kimliğinin etnik milliyetçilikşeklinde tanımlanması Quebec milliyetçiliğini değersizleştirmekte ve zayıflatmaktadır.Gerek gündelik hayatta gerekse akademide etnik milliyetçilik akıldışılık ve kabilecilikleilintilendirilirken sivil milliyetçilik Fransız Devrimi’nin eşitlik, özgürlük ve kardeşlikkavramlarıyla ifade edilir. Bu makale, tarihin, ulusal kimliğin inşasında önemli bir yer tuttuğunuöne sürerken, Fransız Kanadalı milliyetçilerin egemenlik projelerini meşrulaştırabilmek içintarihi yeni baştan yazarak nasıl yeni bir kimlik yarattıklarını göstermektedir: sivil Quebeculusu.Anahtar kelimeler: Etnik milliyetçilik, sivil milliyetçilik, Quebec milliyetçiliği, Quebeckimliği, Sessiz Devrim AbstractThis article examines the role of historical process in the construction of national identity,particularly focusing on the emergence of a territorially-based civic Quebec identity. Quebecnationalism, just like its Catalan and Scottish counterparts, is usually defined as ethnicnationalism. However, such delineation of Quebec identity marginalizes and underminesQuebec nationalism because ethnic nationalism is usually described as reactionary and evenracist. Both academic and colloquial uses of ethnic nationalism entail irrationality and tribalismwhile civic nationalism is usually associated with the enlightenment of the French Revolutionalong with its concepts of equality, freedom and fraternity. This article suggests that history ismajor component in the construction of national identity. It argues that the French Canadiannationalists, seeking to legitimize their projects of sovereignty, reinvented their history bycreating a new identity: the civic Québécois nation.Key Words: ethnic nationalism, civic nationalism, Quebec nationalism, Quebec identity,Quiet Revolution

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Etnik milliyetçilik, sivil milliyetçilik, Quebec milliyetçiliği, Quebec kimliği, Sessiz Devrim

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