Devlet, Sermaye ve Kapitalizmin Tarihsel Sosyolojisi1

Bu yazı, Fernand Braudel ve Giovanni Arrighi’nin temsil ettiği dünya sistemleri analizinin, Charles Tilly’nin temsil ettiği Weberci-Marksist sentezin ve Robert Brenner ile Ellen Meiksins Wood’un temsil ettiği Politik Marksizmin sermaye, devlet ve kapitalizme ilişkin yaklaşımlarına dair kısa ve eleştirel bir değerlendirme yapıyor. Esas olarak teritoryal mantık ile kapitalist mantık, zor kullanımı ile sermaye, gücün biriktirilmesi ile servetin biriktirilmesi, devletlerin oluşumu ile kentlerin oluşumu arasındaki ilişkilere odaklanıyor. Braudel, Arrighi ve Tilly iki tarihsel eğilim tespit etmiştir. Birincisi, kapitalizmin uzun vadeli gelişimi sürecinde kapitalist güç mantığı teritoryal güç mantığını dönüştürecek düzeyde etkili hale gelmiştir. İkincisi, sermaye mekânları ile zor mekânlarının kaynaşması, savaş yapma açısından en sürdürülebilir kaynakları oluşturmuş ve ulus devleti diğer devlet biçimleri karşısında üstün kılmıştır. Politik Marksist eleştiri, bu araştırmacıların yapıtlarını yanlışlayacak ölçüde güçlü olmasa da, kapitalizmin kökenine ilişkin daha net bir tarihsel nedensellik zinciri kurmayı teşvik ederek kapitalizm hakkındaki tartışmalara ciddi katkıda bulunmuştur.

The State, Capital and the Historical Sociology of Capitalism

This paper makes a brief critical review of the different perspectives on the capital, state, and capitalism of Fernand Braudel and Giovanni Arrighi’s world systems analysis, Charles Tilly’s Weberian-Marxist synthesis, and Robert Brenner and Ellen Meiksins Wood’s Political Marxism. It mainly focuses on the relationships between the territorial logic and capitalist logic, coercion and capital, accumulation of power and capital, and the formation of states and cities. Braudel, Arrighi, and Tilly detected two main historical tendencies. First, capitalist logic of power became powerful enough to transform the territorial logic of power in the longue durée of capitalism. Second, the fusion of the spaces of capital and coercion created the most sustainable resources for war-making and led the nation state to triumph over other state forms. Although the Political Marxist critique is not strong enough to refute the works of these scholars fully, it has significantly contributed to the debates on capitalism by encouraging the construction of a clearer chain of causality on the origins of capitalism.

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