Kısıtlı Mühendislik Problemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Ağırlık ve Maliyet Optimizasyonu

Mühendislik alanındaki gerçek dünya problemleri genellikle doğrusal olmayan veya kısıtlı tasarım problemleridir. Pek çok nedenden ötürü, bir mühendis yalnızca uygun şekilde çalışan herhangi bir tasarımı değil, en iyi tasarımı elde etmek ister. En iyi tasarımı belirleme sürecine optimizasyon denir. Optimizasyon ile mevcut kısıtlayıcıları sağlayarak belirli bir amaç fonksiyonunu elde edecek şekilde problemin en iyi tasarımı belirlenir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli eşitlik ve eşitsizlik kısıtlamaları olan çekme/basınç yayı, kaynaklı kiriş ve basınçlı kap tasarımları olmak üzere üç gerçek dünya mühendislik tasarım problemi optimize edilmeye çalışılmış, tasarım problemlerinin optimum değişkenleri belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon sürecinde sekiz farklı algoritma kullanılmış, gerçek mühendislik problemlerine ait en iyi tasarımlar oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Optimizasyon algoritmaları, meta-sezgisel algoritmaların alt dallarından olan evrimsel tabanlı, sürü tabanlı, matematik tabanlı ve fizik tabanlı algoritmalardan seçilmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra, algoritmaların sonuçları yakınsama eğrileri ve kutu grafikler yardımıyla birbirleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Gri kurt algoritması her üç problemde de en başarılı performans gösteren algoritma olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, sürü tabanlı, fizik tabanlı ve matematik tabanlı algoritmalar gerçek mühendislik problemlerini optimize etmede diğer algoritmalardan daha iyi sonuç vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Basınçlı kap tasarımı, çekme- germe yay tasarımı, kaynaklı kiriş tasarımı, optimizasyon

Comparative Weight and Cost Optımızation of Constraıned Engineering Problems

Real-world problems in engineering are often nonlinear or constrained design problems. For many reasons, an engineer wants to get the best design, not just any that works properly. The process of determining the best design is called optimization. With optimization, the best design of the problem is determined to achieve a specific objective function by providing the current constraints. In this study, three real-world engineering design problems are tried to be optimized, namely tension/compression spring, welded beam, and pressure vessel designs with various equalities and inequality constraints. In the optimization process, eight different algorithms are used, the best designs are created, and the optimum variables of the problems are determined. Optimization algorithms are selected from evolutionary-based, swarm-based, mathematics-based, and physics-based algorithms, which are sub-branches of metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, the results of the algorithms are compared with each other with the help of convergence curves and box graphs. The grey wolf algorithm is the algorithm that showed the most successful performance in all three problems. Besides, swarm-based, physics-based, and math-based algorithms performed better than other algorithms in optimizing real engineering problems.

Keywords:

Pressure vessel design, tension/compression spring design, welded beam design, optimization,

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