Şebnem ÖZDEMİR, Alptekin ERKOLLAR, Birgit OBERER

MAKİNELERİN ÖĞRENENDEN KARAR VERİCİYE DÖNÜŞÜMLERİ: ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 VE BÜYÜK VERİ

Endüstrileşmenin tarihsel yolculuğuna bakıldığında, her teknolojik değişim ve yenilik nedeniyle paradigma kayması yaşandığı görülmektedir. Endüstriyel devrim olarak adlandırılan bu paradigma kaymaları, merkezi; mekanikten elektrik enerjisine, elektrik enerjisinden elektronik ve otomasyona değiştirmiştir. Günümüz ekonomisi, toplumsal, ekonomik, teknolojik ve politik değişiklikler tarafından tetiklenen dördüncü endüstriyel devrim ile yüzleşmek üzeredir. Endüstri 4.0 olarak bilinen bu devrimin temelinde, akıllı üretim, üretimde siber fiziksel sistemlerin uygulanması (CPS) nesnelerin interneti, bulut bilişim, büyük veri bulunmaktadır. Kavram sayesinde üretim süreçlerindeki farklılığa ek olarak, kişiselleştirilmiş ürün ve hizmetlerin ortaya çıkarılması planlanmaktadır. Tüm bunların yerine getirilebilmesi ortamın, inovasyon ve öğrenme bakımından süreklilik kazanmasına bağlıdır. Bu süreklilik ise ancak üretim sürecine giren-çıkan, üretim sürecini dolaylı ya da doğrudan etkileyebilecek her verinin analiz edilebilmesi ile sağlanacaktır. Klasik fabrikalar için rekabet avantajı sağlayan verinin analizi; söz konusu akıllı fabrika olduğunda büyük veri analitiklerine evrilecek ve rekabet avantajının ötesinde zorunluluk haline dönüşecektir. Bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde büyük verinin Endüstri 4.0 kavramı içindeki yeri ve üretim süreçlerinden nitelikli insan kaynağına kadar her paydaş üzerindeki etkisi dikkatli bir biçimde incelenmelidir. Bu çalışmada Endüstri 4.0 kavramı altında büyük verinin rolü ve etkinliği, endüstriyel örnekler ve siber-fiziksel sistem mimarisi bakımından sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Endüstri 4.0, Akıllı Fabrikalar, Büyük Veri Analitikleri

TRANSFORMATION OF THE MACHINES FROM LEARNER TO DECISION MAKER: INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BIG DATA

When the historical journey of industrialization was reviewed, a particular paradigm shift can be observed because of every technological change and innovation. These paradigm shifts, called industrial revolutions, have changed the core from mechanics to electrical energy, from electrical energy to electronics and automation. Today's economy is about to face the fourth industrial revolution triggered by social, economic, technological and political changes. That revolution, known as Industry 4.0, is based on smart manufacturing, the implementation of cyber-physical systems in production (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data. In addition to the difference in production processes, the concept is planned to reveal personalized products and services. The fulfillment of all this depends on the continuity of the environment regarding innovation and learning. This continuity will be ensured by analyzing every data that may directly or indirectly affect the production process. Establishing such a data processing policy for today's classic factory structures is an essential competitive advantage. However, when it comes to smart factories, this policy will evolve into the big data analytics-driven one, and become a necessity beyond the competitive advantage. From this point of view, the role of big data in the Industry 4.0 concept and its impact on each stakeholder, which has different and variety contribution from production processes to qualified human resources, should be carefully examined. In this study, it is aimed to show the role and effectiveness of big data by presenting industrial applications and cyber-physical system architecture under the concept of Industry 4.0.

Keywords:

Industry 4.0, Smart Factory,

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