FOTOVOLTAİK ÜRETİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Tang’ın organik fotovoltaik aktif tabakasında bakır ftalosiyanin ve perilen diimid ince filmini kullanması organik güneş pilleri için yeni bir çağı araladı. Standard koşullarda % 1 verim ile başlayan bu serüven 1991 de Gratzel hücrelerin gelişimi ile devam etti ve sonrasında katı hal güneş hücrelerinin gelişimini tetikledi. Böylece fotovoltaik üretim teknolojilerinde yeni bir dönem başladı. Bu yayın geliştirilen farklı çeşit fotovoltaik pillerin çalışma prensiplerini özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fotovoltaik üretim teknolojileri, Plastik güneş pilleri, Tang hücresi ve Graetzel hücresi

A REVIEW ON PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

Tang’s introduction of two-layer organic photovoltaic cell, fabricated from copperphthalocyanine and a perylene tetracarboxylic solid thin films, has opened the novel era of organic solar cells. A power conversion efficiencyof about 1% has been achieved under simulated 1.5 AM sun illumination. Then Graetzel cell has been developed in 1991. And afterwards solid state dye sensitized solar cells have been developed. And new era has opened for photovoltaic production technologies. This review summarizes photovoltaic production technologies and photovoltaic production Technologies were evaluated from literature.

Keywords:

Photovoltaic production technologies Plastic solar cells, Tang cell, Graetzel cell,

PDF

___

B. O’Regan, M. Graetzel, Nature 353, 737-740 (1991).
A. Hagfeldt, M. Graetzel, Chem. Rev. 95, 49-68 (1995).
M. K. Nazeeruddin, A. Kay, I. Rodicio, R. Humphry-Baker, E. Muller, P. Liska, N. Vlachopoulos, M. Graetzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 15, 6382-6390 (1993).
a) J. Nelson, S. A. Haque, D. R. Klug, J. R. Durrant, Physical Rev. B 63, 205321 (1- 9) (2001). b) Z.-S. Wang, H. Kawauchi, T. Kashima, H. Arakawa, Coordin. Chem. Rev. 248, 1381-1389 (2004).
C. Longo, M.-A. De Paoli, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 14, 889-901 (2003).
a) F. Nour-Mohhamadi, S. D. Nguyen, G. Boschloo, A. Hagfeldt, T. Lund, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 22413-22419 (2005). b) A. Hagfeldt, M. Graetzel, Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 269-277 (2000).
K. Tennakone, G. R. R. A. Kumara, I. R. M. Kottegoda, K. G. U. Wijayantha, V. P. S. Perera, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 311, 1492-1496 (1998).
a) S. Erten-Ela, A.C. Cakir, Energy Sources Part A. 37, 807- 816, (2015). b) S. Erten-Ela, International Journal of Photoenergy, Article ID 941213, 1-6, (2014). c) S. Erten-Ela, International Journal of Photoenergy, Article ID 436831, 1-6, (2013). d) S. Erten-Ela, C. Villegas, J.L. Delgado, N. Martin, New Journal of Chemistry, 39, 1477-1482, (2015).
U. Bach, D. Lupo, P. Comte, J. E. Moser, F. Weissörtel, J. Salbeck, H. Spreitzer, M. Graetzel, Nature 395, 583-585 (1998).
J. Krüger, R. Plass, L. Cevey, M. Piccirelli, M. Graetzel, U. Bach, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2085-2087 (2001).
J. Krüger, R. Plass, M. Graetzel, H.-J. Matthieu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 367-371 (2002).
D. Gebeyehu, C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, D. Vangeneugden, R. Kiebooms, D. Vanderzande, F. Kienbeerger, H. Schindler, Synthetic Met. 125, 279-284 (2002).
K. Murakoshi, R. Kogure, Y. Wada, S. Yanagida, Chem. Lett. 5, 471-472 (1997).
a) Y. Saito, T. Azechi, T. Kitamura, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Wada, S. Yanagida, Coord. Chem. Rev. 248, 1469-1478 (2004). b) N. Fukuri, Y. Saito, W. Kubo, G. K. R. Senadeera, T. Kitamura, Y. Wada, S. Yanagida, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A1745- A1748 (2004).
a) A. F. Nogueira, M.-A. De Paoli, I. Montanari, R. Monkhouse, J. Nelson, J. R. Durrant, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 7517-7524 (2001).
b) A. F. Nogueira, M.-A. De Paoli, J. R. Durrant, Adv. Mater. 13, 826-830 (2001).
S. A. Haque, Y. Tachibana, R. L. Willis, J. E. Moser, M. Gra1tzel, D. R. Klug, J. R. Durrant, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 538- 547 (2000).
J. R. Durrant, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 148, 5-10 (2002).
J. N. Clifford, E. Palomares, Md. K. Nazeeruddin, M. Graetzel, J. Nelson, X. Li, N. J. Long, J. R. Durrant, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 5225-5233 (2004).
B. Wenger, M. Graetzel, J.-E. Moser, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 12150-12151 (2005).
E. Palomares, J. N. Clifford, S. A. Haque, T. Lutz, J. R. Durrant, Chem. Commun. 1464-1465 (2002).
ECHOS’06, European Conference on Hybrid and Organic Solar Cells, Paris, france 28-30 June 2006 (http://www- molycell.cea.fr/scripts/home/publigen/content/templat es/show.asp?P=203&L=EN).
a) M. Graetzel, L. Schmidt-Mende, S. M. Zakeeruddin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 13504-13506 (2004). b) M. Graetzel, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 164, 3-14 (2004).
M. Graetzel, C. Klein, L. Schmidt-Mende, H. J. Snaith, S. M. Zakeeruddin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 6413-6417 (2005).
P. Comte, M. Graetzel, C. Klein, P. Liska, L. Schmidt-Mende, K. R. Thampi, P. Wang, S. M. Zakeeruddin, Recent advances in dye sensitized solar cells, Proceedings of the 20th European PV Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 2005.
G. Boschloo, H. Lindström, E. Magnusson, A. Holmberg, A. Hagfeldt, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 148, 11-15 (2002).
T. Miyasaka, Y. Kijitori, M. Ikegami, Fabrication of full- plastic dye-sensitized solar cell modules based on low temperature coating, and Highly efficient plastic dye- sensitized solar cell based on the low temperature TiO2 coating method, 16th International conference on photochemical conversion and storage of Sol. Energy, Uppsala, Sweden, 2-7 July, 2006.
H. Wang, X. Liu, Z. Wang, H. Li, D. Li, Q. Meng, L. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 5970-5974 (2006).
H. An, B. Xue, D. Li, H. Li, Q. Meng, L. Guo, L. Chen, Electrochem. Comm. 8, 170-172 (2006).
M.-Y. Li, X.-W. Zhou, Y. Lin, S.-J. Feng, X.-R Xiao, X.-P. Li, In- situ chemically cross-linked gel electrolytes for dye sensitized solar cell with poly(4-vinylpyridine-co- acrylonitrile, 16th photochemical conversion and storage of Sol. Energy, Uppsala, Sweden, 2-7 July, 2006. conference on
a) N. Ikeda, K. Teshima, T. Miyasaka, Chem. Commun. 1733-1735 (2006). b) N. Ikeda, T. Miyasaka, Chem. Commun. 1886-1888 (2005).
K. Hara, N. Koumara, M. Yanagida, K. Saito, K. Miyamoto, Y. Abe, Electron transport in organic-dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells, 16th International conference on photochemical conversion and storage of Sol. Energy, Uppsala, Sweden, 2-7 July, 2006.
N. Masaki, J. Xia, S. Yanagida, Effect of thin metal oxide buffer layers at FTO/TiO2 interfaces on the performance of dye-sensitized ionic liquid sola cells, 16th International conference on photochemical conversion and storage of Sol. Energy, Uppsala, Sweden, 2-7 July, 2006.
S. Nakade, Y. Saito, W. Kubo, T. Kitamura, Y. Wada, S. Yanagida, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 8607-8611 (2003).
S. Hayase, T. Kato, T. Kado, S. Sakaguchi, H. Ueki, W. Takashima, K. Kaneto, R. Shiratuchi, H. Sumino, S. Murai, S. Mikoshiba, Quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells: control of TiO2-gel electrolyte interfaces, Organic Photovoltaics IV. Edited by Z. H. Kafafi, P. A. Lane, Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5215, pp. 16-23 (2004).
T. Oko, Y. Uchida, T. Yamaguchi, H. Arakawa, Infrared dye sensitized solar cells with 2.1% efficiencies, 16th International conference on photochemical conversion and storage of Sol. Energy, Uppsala, Sweden, 2-7 July, 2006.
a) P. Xu, D. Songyuan, W. Kongjia, F. Xiaqin, Carboxylic acid treatment enhance the performance of dye sensitized solar cells with ionic liquid type electrolytes, 16th International conference on photochemical conversion and storage of Sol. Energy, Uppsala, Sweden, 2-7 July, 2006.
b) S. sakaguchi, H. Ueki, T. Kato, T. Kado, R. Shiratuchi, W. Takashima, K. Kaneto, S. Hayase, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 164, 117-122 (2004). c) X.-F. Wang, R. Fujii, S. Ito, Y. Koyama, Y. Yamano, M. Ito, T. Kitamura, S. Yanagida, Chem. Phys. Lett.416, 1-6 (2005).
A. Morandeira, G. Boschloo, A. Hagfeldt, L. Hammarström, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 19403-19410 (2005).
N. Takeda, B. A. Parkinson, Electrochim. Acta 45, 4559- 4564 (2000).
N. Takeda, B. A. Parkinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 5559- 5571 (2003).
S. Ushiroda, N. Ruzycki, Y. Lu, M. T. Spitler, B. A. Parkinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 5158-5168 (2005).
M. G. Kang, N.-G. Park, Y. J. Park, K. S. Ryu, S. H. Chang, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C. 75, 475-479 (2003).
S. Ferrere, A. Zaban, B. A. Gregg, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 4490- 4493 (1997).
T. Dentani, K. Funabiki, J.-Y. Jin, T. Yoshida, H. Minoura, M. Matsui, Dyes Pigments 72, 303-307 (2007).
B. A. Gregg, R. A. Cormier, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 7959- 7960 (2001).
C. Zafer, C. Karapire, N. S. Sariciftci, S. Icli, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C., 88, 11-21 (2005).
S. Ferrere, B. A. Gregg, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 7602-7605 (2001).
S.-G. Liu, G. Sui, R. A. Cormier, R. M. Leblanc, B. A. Gregg, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 1307-1315 (2002).
H. Langhals, R. Ismael, Oktay Yürük, Tetrahedron 56, 5435-5441 (2000).
C. Zafer, M. Kus,G. Turkmen, H. Dincalp, S. Demic, B. Kuban, Y. Teoman, S. Icli, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., in print, 2006.
N. Koumura, Z.-S. Wang, S. Mori, M. Miyashita, E. Suzuki, K. Hara, J. Am. Chem. Soc., in print (2006).
C. W. Tang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 183-185 (1986).
J. H. burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, A. B. Holmes, Nature 347, 539-541 (1990).
D. Braun, A. J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1982-1984 (1991).
S. Morita, A. A. Zakhidov, K. Yoshino, Solid State Commun., 82, 249-252 (1992).
N. S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A. J. Heeger, F. Wudl, Science 258, 1474-1476 (1992).
a) C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, Österreichische Kunststoffzeitschrift 28:56, 1-4 (1997). b) C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, Monatshefte für Chemie 132, 421-431 (2001). c) H. Hoppe, N. S. Sariciftci, J. Mater. Res., 19, 1924-1945 (2004). d) A. J. Mozer, N. S. Sariciftci, C. R. Chimie 9, 568- 577 (2006).
G. Dennler, N. S. Sariciftci, Proceedings of the IEEE 93, 1429-1439 (2005).
M. A. Loi, P. Denk, H. Hoppe, H. Neugebauer, D. Meissner, C. Winder, C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, A. Gouloumis, P. Vázquez, T. Torres, Synthetic Met.147, 1491-1492 (2003).
C. Winder, M.A. Loi, N.S. Sariciftci, P. Denk, F. Padinger, J.C. Hummelen, R. A. J. Janssen, A. Gouloumis, P. Vazquez, T. Torres, Proceeding for SPIE 2002 4801, 22-33 (2003).
L. M. Do, E. M. Han, Y. Nidome, M. Fujihira, T. Kanno, S. Yoshida, A. Maeda, A. J. Ikushima, J.Appl. Phys. 76, 5118- 5121 (1994).
a) N. Neubauer, C. J. Brabec, J. C. Hummelen, R. A. J. Janssen, N. S. Sariciftci, Synthetic Met.102, 1002-1003 (1999). b) H. Neugebauer,C. Brabec, J.C. Hummelen, N.S. Sariciftci, Sol. Energy Mat. Sol. C. 61, 35-42 (2000).c) F. Padinger, T. Fromherz, P. Denk, C. J. Brabec, J. Zettner, T. Hierl, N. S. Sariciftci, Synthetic Met.121, 1605-1606 (2001).
S. E. Shaheen, C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, F. Padinger, T. Fromherz, J. C. Hummelen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 841-843 (2001)
T. Fromherz, F. Padinger, D. Gebeyehu, C. Brabec, J.C. Hummelen, N.S. Sariciftci, Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C. 63, 61- 68 (2000).
P. Peumans, A. Yakimov, S. R. Forrest, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 3693-3723 (2003).
P. Peumans, S. R. Forrest, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 126-128 (2001).
T. Yohannes, F. Zhang, M. Svensson, J.C. Hummelen, M.R. Andersson, O. Inganas, Thin Solid Films 449, 152-157 (2004).
J. Luo, Q. Hou, J. Chen, Y. Cao, Synthetic Met.156, 470-475 (2006).
P. Madakasira, K. Inoue, R. Ulbricht, S. B. Lee, M. Zhou, J. P. Ferraris, A. A. Zakhidov, Synthetic Met. 155, 332- 335(2005).
P. A. van Hala, R. A. J. Janssen, G. Lanzani, G. Cerull, M. Zavelani-Rossi, S. De Silvestri, Chem. Phys. Lett. 345, 33- 38 (2001).
L. C. Chen, D. Godovsky, O. Inganäs, J. C. Hummelen, R. A. J. Janssens, M. Svensson, M. R. Andersson, Advanced Materials 12, 1367-1370 (2000).
J. M. Kroon, M. M. Wienk, W. J. H. Verhees, J. C. Hummelen, Thin Solid Films, 403-404,223-228 (2002).
T. Morikawa, C. Adachi, T. Tsuitsui, S. Saito, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Chem. Industr. Chem. 9, 962-967 (1990).
D. Meissner, S. Siebentritt, S. Günste, Charge carrier photogeneration in organic solar cells, Int. Symp. on Optical Materials Technol. for Energy Efficiency and Sol. Energy Conversion XI, Toulouse, May 1992.
E. Lifshitz, A. Kaplan, E. Ehrenfreund, D. Meissner, Optical Materials 9, 295-298 (1998).
E. Lifshitz, A. Kaplan, E. Ehrenfreund, D. Meissner, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 967-973 (1998).
E. Lifshitz, A. Kaplan, E. Ehrenfreund, D. Meissner, Chem. Phys. Lett. 300, 626-632 (1999).
J. Rostalski, D. Meissner, Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C. 61, 87- 95 (2000).
T. Tsuzuki, Y. Shirota, J. Rostalski, D. Meissner, Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C. 61, 1-8 (2000).
J. Rostalski, D. Meissner, Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C. 63, 37- 47 (2000).
D. Meissner, R. Rostalski, Synthetic Met. 121, 1551-1552 (2001).
G. K. R. Senadeera, T. Kitamura, Y. Wada, S. Yanagida, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., in print (2006).
B. Maennig, J. Drechsel, D. Gebeyehu, P. Simon, F. Kozlowski, A. Werner, F. Li, S. Grundmann, S. Sonntag, M. Koch, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, H. Hoppe, D. Meissner, N. S. Sariciftci, I. Riedel, V. Dyakonov, Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process., 1-14 (2004).
G. Dennler, H.-J. Prall, R. Koeppe, M. Egginger, R. Autengruber, N.S. Sariciftci, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 073502- 1 (2006).
A. C. Arango, L. R. Johnson, V. N. Bliznyuk, Z. Schlesinger, S. Carter, H. H. Hörhold, Adv. Mater. 12, 1689-1692 (2000).
Kevin M. Coakley and Michael D. McGehee Chem. Mater.16, 4533-4542 (2004).