Bilinç Problemi ve Panpsişizm

Öz: Bilinç problemi söz konusu olduğunda radikal bir alternatif olarak panpsişizm pek tercih edilebilen bir yaklaşım değildir. Bunun sebebi panpsişizmin radikalliğinden ziyade iyi bilinen bir görüş olmamasıdır. Oysa tezi ve argümanları doğru bir şekilde anlaşıldığında köklü bir geçmişe sahip bu görüşün en az diğerleri kadar iddialı olabildiği fark edilecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da tam olarak budur: Panpsişizmin sınırlarını çizerek onu daha bilinir hale getirmek. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle sözü edilen bilinç probleminin ne olduğunu ortaya koydum. Daha sonra problemin konusu olan bilinç kavramına ışık tutmaya çalıştım. Ardından panpsişizmi tanımlayıp temel argümanlarını sırasıyla açıkladım. Son olarak panpsişizmin bilinç problemi karşısında bize nasıl yardımcı olabileceğini kısaca gösterdim. Buna göre, panpsişizm bilinç probleminin iki veçhesinden biri olan insan bilincine nasıl ulaşıldığının arzu edilir bir açıklamasını veremese de bir diğeri olan insan bilincinin neden var olduğu sorusuna cevaben söyleyecek bir şeyleri olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

bilinç, zihin, fenomenal bilinç, deneyim, farkındalık, öznellik, bilinç problemi, zor problem, panpsişizm, pandeneyimcilik

The Problem of Consciousness and Panpsychism

Abstract: When it comes to problem of consciousness panpsychism as a radical alternative is not a well-received approach. The reason for this is not it’s radicalism but rather the fact that it’s not a well-known view. Nevertheless, if it’s thesis and arguments are understood correctly it will be realized that this view with a long-standing past can be as ambitious as the others. So, this is exactly the purpose of this paper: Making it more known by drawing the boundaries of panpsychism. In this direction, I will first explain the mentioned problem of consciousness. Then I will try to shed light on the concept of consciousness which is the subject of the problem. Next, I will define panpsychism and explain it’s fundamental arguments one by one. Finally, I will briefly show how panpsychism can helps us in the face of the problem of consciousness. According to this, even if panpsychism cannot give a desirable explanation of one of the two aspect of the problem of consciousness which is how human consciousness has been achieved it has something to say as an answer to the other which is why there is human consciousness at all.

Keywords:

consciousness, mind, phenomenal consciousness, experience, subjectivity, problem of consciousness, the hard problem, panpsychism, panexperientialism,

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