Besinlerle alınan endokrin bozucuların pubertal gelişim üzerine etkisi

Öz Puberte, üreme işlevine ulaşmak için adolesanın bedeninde meydana gelen bir dizi gelişimsel değişiklerdir. Pubertal gelişim nöroendokrin sistem tarafından kontrol edilmektedir ve pubertal zaman üzerinde birçok faktör etkili olmaktadır. Bu faktörler arasında nöroendokrin sistemi önemli düzeyde etkileyen endokrin bozucular yer almaktadır. Endokrin bozucular; endokrin sistem fonksiyonlarını etkileyerek organizmanın sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler meydana getirmektedirler. Bu etkilerini ise hormonların sentez, taşınma, metabolizma, bağlanma reaksiyonları, aktiviteleri, vücuttan atılımları ve hatta hedef hücredeki etkilerini değiştirebilme özellikleri yoluyla gerçekleştirmektedirler. Endokrin çevre bozucuların insan sağlığı üzerine olası etkileri giderek tartışmaların odağı haline gelmektedir. Endokrin çevre bozan kimyasallar; plastiklerde, deterjanlarda, böcek ilaçlarında ve endüstriyel kimyasallarda bulunmaktadırlar. Endokrin bozucuların bir kısmı lipofilik yapıda olup yağ dokusunda birikir, bir kısmı ise özellikle gelişimin kritik bir periyodu sırasında önemli rollere sahiptir. Pubertal gelişim üzerinde özellikle sentetik ve çevresel endokrin bozucular etkili olmakta ve bunların vücuda alınmasında beslenmenin oldukça önemli bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Besinler özellikle üretim, depolama ve işleme yöntemleri sırasında endokrin bozucular ile kontamine olmaktadır. Endokrin bozucuların vücut üzerine etkileri, bireylerin lipid profili, oksidatif stres düzeyi, antioksidan kapasiteleri ve beslenme durumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Bunun yanında çok sayıda hayvan ve insan çalışması, besinler yoluyla alınan endokrin bozucuların pubertal gelişim üzerine olumsuz etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak çalışma sonuçları, endokrin bozuculara maruziyet zamanına (prenatal, perinatal ve pubertal) ve endokrin bozucu kimyasal bileşenlerin antagonist etkilerine yönelik konularda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu derlemede özellikle besinler yoluyla maruz kalınan endokrin bozucuların pubertal gelişim üzerine etkisinin literatüre dayalı olarak tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Besin, endokrin bozucular, puberte

The effect of endocrine disruptors in foods on pubertal development

Puberty is a series of developmental changes that occur in body of adolescent to achieve reproductive function. Pubertal development is controlled by the neuroendocrine system and many factors affect pubertal time. Among these factors are endocrine disruptors that significantly affect the neuroendocrine system. Endocrine disruptors affect functions of endocrine system by creating negative effects on health of the organism. These effects are realized through the synthesis, transport, metabolism, binding reactions, activities, excretion of the hormones and even the ability to change their effects in the target cell. Possible effects of endocrine disruptors on human health are becoming focus of discussion. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are found in plastics, detergents, pesticides and industrial chemicals. Some endocrine disruptors are lipophilic and accumulate in adipose tissue, and some have important roles, especially during a critical period of development. Synthetic and environmental endocrine disruptors are especially effective on pubertal development and nutrition has a significant effect on their absorption into body. Foods are contaminated with endocrine disruptors, especially during production, storage and processing methods. Effects of endocrine disruptors on the body can vary depending on many factors such as individuals' lipid profile, oxidative stress level, antioxidant capacities and nutritional status. Numerous animal and human studies reveal negative effects of endocrine disruptors on pubertal development. However, results of the study are insufficient regarding time of exposure to endocrine disruptors (prenatal, perinatal and pubertal) and antagonist effects of endocrine disrupting chemical components. Therefore, main objective of this review is to discuss effects of endocrine disruptors exposed on foods through pubertal development based on the literature.

Keywords:

Endocrine disruptors, food, puberty,

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