Pelin ARSLAN YÜKSEL

A Review of Multimedia Learning Principles: Split-Attention, Modality, and Redundancy Effects

Multimedya ile Öğrenme İlkelerinin İncelenmesi: Biçem, Aşırılık, Dikkat Bölünmesi Etkileri. Bu çalışma üç temel multimedya tasarım prensibinin, dikkat bölünmesi (split-attention), biçem etkisi (modality effect) ve aşırlık etkisi (redundancy effect), bilişsel yük teorisine katkısı üzerine bir literatür taraması sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bilişşel yük teorisine göre (cognitive load theory), bilgi, çalışan bellekteki (working memory) aşırı yüklenmeyi göz önünde bulundurularak sunulmalıdır. İlk prensibimiz, dikkat bölünmesi, bilgi birden fazla kaynaktan uzaysal olarak bağlantılı bir biçimde sunulmadığında ortaya çıkmaktadır (Kalyuga, Chadler, & Sweller, 1999). İkinci prensibimiz, biçem etkisi, çoklu ortam tasarımı yaparken, ekranda yazının görsel olarak sunulması yerine işitsel olarak sunulması gerekiğini savunmaktadır (Moreno & Mayer, 1999). Birden fazla duyusal kanal kullanımı çalışan bellekteki etkiyi arttıtmaktadır. Üçüncü prensibimiz aşırılık etkisi, bilgi aşırı halde sunulduğunda öğrenmeyi olumsuz yönde etkileyerek açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bir ögretim tasarımcısının multimedia öğrenme ortamlarını daha etkili tasarlayabilmeleri için bir rehber sunulmaktadır.

Multimedya ile Öğrenme İlkelerinin İncelenmesi: Biçem, Aşırılık, Dikkat Bölünmesi Etkileri

This study aims to present a literature review on three principles of multimedia learning including split attention, modality, and redundancy effects with regard to their contribution to cognitive load theory. According to cognitive load theory, information should be presented by considering excessive load on working memory. The first principle states that attending to two distinct sources of information may impose a high cognitive load, and this process is referred to as the split-attention effect (Kalyuga, Chandler & Sweller, 1991, 1992). The second principle, Modality effect claims that on-screen text should be presented in an auditory form instead of visually when designing a multimedia environment (Moreno & Mayer, 1999). Using more than one sensory mode augments forceful working memory that produces progressive effects on learning. The third principle redundancy effect occurs when information presented repeatedly interferes with learning. This study provides guidance how to create more effective instruction with multimedia materials for instructional designers.

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