Berna Şafak ZÜLFİKAR SAVCI, A. Banu ERGÖÇMEN

KALKINMA PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TÜRKİYE-AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ GÖÇ KORİDORU ANALİZİ

Türkiye uzun yıllara dayanan göç deneyimine sahip bir ülke olmakla birlikte, emek göçünün 1960’lı yıllarla birlikte belirginleştiği görülür. Avrupa ülkelerinin demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik koşulları nedeniyle oluşan işgücü talepleri önce Güney Avrupa ülkelerinden, daha sonra da Türkiye gibi komşu ülkelerden karşılanmıştır. Avrupa ülkeleri ile imzalanan işgücü anlaşmaları neticesinde Türkiye-Avrupa ülkeleri göç koridoru oluşmuştur. Türkiye bu süreçte gelişmişlik açısından da bir dönüşüm içerisindedir. Bu çalışma literatürde yer alan birçok çalışmadan farklı olarak Türkiye-Avrupa ülkeleri göç ilişkisini ampirik olarak incelerken göçün çok boyutlu yapısına uygun olacak şekilde göç kalkınma ilişkisini analiz etmiştir. Çalışma, 1960 ve 2010 yılları arasında Türkiye’den Avrupa ülkelerine yapılmış olan emek göçü ile kalkınma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkeleri kalkınma seviyeleri ile bu ülkelere göç eden göçmen stoku arasında ters U eğrisi şeklinde olduğu iddia edilen ilişki, panel veri analizi ile test edilmiştir. Eğer Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkelerinin gelişmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki fark artarsa göçün belirli bir seviyeye kadar önce arttığı daha sonra azalmaya başladığı tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluslararası Göç, Kalkınma, Emek Göçü

AN ANALYSIS ON MIGRATION CORRIDOR BEWTEEN TURKEY AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Although Turkey is a country with long-standing experience in international migration, labor migration has become evident with 1960’s. Due to demographic and socio-economic structure of European countries, labor force demand in these countries was fulfilled by Southern European countries and neighbour countries like Turkey. As a result of labor agreements signed between Turkey and European countries, migration corridors have occurred. Turkey has experienced development transformation in this period. Apart from the most of the studies in the literature, this study analyzes development and international migration empirically. The study aims to analyze the inverted U-shaped relationship between development and emigration for the years of 1960 and 2010 by using panel data regression. It is found that if the differences between the development level of Turkey and destination countries increase, the ratio of migrant stock to the destination country will increase until a certain level, then it will become to decrease.

Keywords:

International Migration, Development, Labor Migration,

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