Hasan Önder SARIDOĞAN, Muhammed Veysel KAYA

BİLGİ EKONOMİSİ VE EKONOMİK PERFORMANS: TÜRKİYE VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Ekonomik büyüme bir ekonominin üretim kapasitesinin uzun dönemli genişlemesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ekonomik büyüme sonucu bir ülkenin iktisadi, sosyal ve kültürel yapısında önemli değişimler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, büyüme kavramının gelişim süreci tarih boyunca iktisatçıların, araştırmacıların, politika yapıcıların ve hatta hanehalklarının ilgisini çekmiştir. Ekonomi yazınında bu kavram önce tarım devrimi daha sonra sanayi devrimi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde bilgi ve teknoloji öncülüğünde gerçekleşen üçüncü bir devrimin temelleri atılmaktadır. Geleneksel üretim faktörleri emek ve sermayenin yanında bilgiyi de kullanan ekonomiler büyüme adına bir adım öne geçmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı bilgi, teknoloji ve yeniliğin ön planda olduğu bilgi ekonomisi bileşenleri ile ekonomik performans arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve bu bağlamda Türkiye ile AB ülkeleri arasında karşılaştırma yapmaktır. Çalışmada, Dünya Bankası KAM metodolojisi Custom Scorecards’ da yer alan 7 temel başlıktaki seçilmiş bilgi ekonomisi bileşenlerinin ekonomik performans üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. 28 AB üyesi ülke ve uzun yıllardır bu birliğe dahil olmak isteyen Türkiye’nin 1998-2017 dönemi verileri ile panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, çalışmada kullanılan bilgi ekonomisi bileşenlerinden sermaye, emek, ihracat, Ar-Ge harcamaları, eğitim harcamaları ve kamu etkinliği değişkenlerinin ekonomik performansı olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik performans açısından kadın işgücü ve cep telefonu abonelikleri değişkenleri hariç diğer bilgi ekonomisi bileşenlerinin AB ülkelerinde daha etkili ve verimli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bilgi, Bilgi Ekonomisi, Ekonomik Performans, Panel Veri Analizi

KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: COMPARISON OF TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Economic growth is defined as the long-term expansion of an economy's production capacity. As a result of economic growth, significant changes can occur in the economic, social and cultural structures of a country. In this context, the development process of growth has attracted the attention of economists, researchers, policy makers and even households historically. In the economics literature, this concept was first associated with the agricultural revolution and afterwards with industrial revolution. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the foundations of a third revolution under the leadership of knowledge and technology are laid. Economies which use labor, capital as well as knowledge are one step ahead in the name of growth. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the economic performance and knowledge economy which has knowledge, technology and innovation are in significant place and in this context, it is to make comparisons between EU countries and Turkey. In this study, the impact of the knowledge economy on economic performance has been examined by the selected economics components of 7 main topics in the World Bank KAM methodology Custom Scorecards. By using data of 1998-2017 period of 28 EU members and Turkey that has been postulated to be a member in the unity for a long time, a panel data analysis was performed. According to the results of the analysis, the variables of capital, labor, export, R&D expenditures, education expenditures and public activity which are the components of the knowledge economy used in the study, have a positive effect on economic performance. Additionally, it was determined that other knowledge economy compo-nents except female in labor force and mobile phone subscription variables were more effective and efficient in EU countries in terms of economic performance.

Keywords:

Knowledge, Knowledge Economy, Economic Performance, Panel Data Analysis,

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