AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NİN İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ POLİTİKASI: SORUMLULUK VE İNKÂR İKİLEMİ

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), dünyanın en büyük ekonomisi ve ikinci büyük sera gazı emisyonu üreticisi olarak küresel iklim değişikliği ile mücadele konusunda en önemli aktörlerden birisidir. George W. Bush yönetimi 2001’de ABD’nin Kyoto Protokolü’nden çekildiğini açık-lamış, bu nedenle Kyoto Protokolü hedeflenen emisyon indirimini sağlamakta yetersiz kalmıştır. Ocak 2009’da göreve gelen Başkan Obama’nın ikinci döneminde ise ABD’nin hem federal hem de uluslararası düzeyde iklim değişikliğine uyum ve emisyon azaltım faaliyetleri art-mıştır. 2016 Dünya Günü’nde 175 ülkenin imzaladığı Paris Anlaşması sürecinde Obama, iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede sorumluluk almaya ve uluslararası liderlik rolünü üstlenmeye hazır olduklarını açıklamıştır. Ancak anlaşmanın yürürlüğe girmesinin ardından, Kasım 2016’da ABD’de gerçekleşen başkanlık seçimini kazanan Donald J. Trump, göreve başladıktan sonra ülkesinin Pa-ris Anlaşması’ndan çekileceğini ilan etmiştir. Böylece bir kez daha, iklim değişikliği ile uluslararası mücadelede ABD sorumluluk ve yükümlülük üstlenmekten kaçınan bir konum benimsemiştir. Bu çalışmada iklim değişikliği konusunda özellikle Obama ve Trump’ın söylemleri ve izledikleri politikalar incelenerek, sorumluluk üstlenme ya da iklim değişikliğini inkâr ikilemi tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İklim değişikliği, Obama Yönetimi, Paris Anlaşması, Trump Yönetimi

CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES: DILEMMA OF COMMITMENT OR DENIAL

The United States (US), as the world’s largest economy and the second largest greenhouse gas emitter, is one of the most significant actors of global climate change process. In 2001, President George W. Bush announced the withdrawal of the US from the Kyoto Protocol which led to a setback in the international mitigation process. On the other hand, President Obama who took office in January 2009 has increasingly involved in climate change adaptation and mitigation activities on both national and international levels. The Paris Agreement, signed by 175 states on 2016 Earth Day, represented the beginning of a new era in international climate negotiations and the US eagerly announced its willingness to lead in the coming years. However, with the election of Donald J. Trump in November 2016, the role of the US in international climate mitigation and adaptation negotiations was shifted once more. This study aims to analyze and compare the climate change rhetoric and policies of Obama and Trump, discussing their administrations’ respective climate commitments or denial.

Keywords:

Climate change, Obama Administration, Paris Agreement, Trump Administration,

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