Farklı Sulama Programlarının Santa Rosa Erik Ağaçlarında Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, Santa Rosa (Prunus salicina Lindl.) çeşidi erik ağaçlarına, damla sulama yöntemi ile dört farklı sulama programı uygulanmıştır. Sulamalara genellikle topraktaki mevcut nemin %30-40’ı tüketildiğinde sulamaya başlanmaktadır. Damla yöntemiyle sulanan ve Japon grubu içerisine giren Santa Rosa çeşidi erik ağaçlarında, 120 cm toprak derinliğindeki kullanılabilir su tutma kapasitesinin %20(I0.20), %30(I0.30), %40(I0.40), %50(I0.50)’si tüketildiğinde sulamaya başlanmış ve bu sulama programlarının ağaç gelişmesi, meyve verimi, meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. I0.20 sulama konusunda ortalama 569 mm, I0.30 konusun’da 616 mm, Ikonusun’da 537 mm, I0.50 konusun’da 560 mm sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, dört faklı sulama uygulamasının ağaç verimi ve meyve kalite parametreleri üzerine istatistiki olarak önemli bir fark yaratmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, bu sulama uygulamalarında en düşük sulama suyu miktarı I0.40 konusunda 537 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç, Santa Rosa erik ağaçlarında bu miktarın üzerinde uygulanacak sulama suyunun, aşırı miktarda uygulanacak sulama suyu miktarını ifade etmektedir, çünkü bu miktarın üzerinde uygulanan sulama suyu konusunda elde edilen verim ve kalite parametreleri arasında önemli bir fark görülmemiştir. Ayrıca, kısa aralıklarla yapılan sulamalarda buharlaşmayla oluşacak kayıplar da artış gösterecektir. Sonuç olarak, en az sulama suyu I0.40 sulama konusunda elde edildiğinden su tutma kapasitesinin % 40’ı tüketildiğinde sulamaya başlanması daha uygun olacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Erik, Santa Rosa(Prunus salicina L.), Damla sulama, Sulama programlaması, Meyve kalitesi

The Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on The Yield and Fruit Quality of Santa Rosa Plum Tree

Four different irrigation programs using the drip irrigation system were applied to the Plum Tree, Santa Rosa ( Prunus salicina Lindl.). Irrigations for trees, generally, commence as 30 or 40% of available water from the field capacity are depleted. Therefore, in this study, Irrigations were initialized as 20% (I0.20), 30%(I0.30), 40%(I0.40), and 50%(I0.50) of the available soil moisture through the effective root depth depleted in order to evaluate how 20% and 50% depletion affect the growth, yield and fruit quality rather than other treatments. Recorded amounts of irrigation water were 569 mm for I0.20 ,616 mm for I0.30, 537 mm for I0.40 and 560 mm for I0.50 treatment, the subscript referring to the depletion of soil moisture throughout the effective root depth. Results of this study summarily demonstrate that there is no adverse effect on tree performance by the application of four different irrigation programs. However, within all treatments the lowest water amount was in I0.40 treatment, 537 mm. It indicates that more than this amount will be excess water application because higher than this amount has no valuable effect on the yield and quality parameters of Santa Rosa plum trees. That the gap between the Irrigation intervals in I0.40 treatment are high caused the evaporation to be less than the others. Consequently, as a strategy for water management in Santa Rosa plum orchards grown in clay soil irrigation should be initiated as 40% of available moisture is depleted through the effective root depth for saving irrigation water in semi-arid regions.

Keywords:

Plum, Santa Rosa (Prunus salicina L.), Drip irrigation, Irrigation programs, Fruit quality,

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