Davut KARAYEL, Ahmet Fatih HACIYUSUFOĞLU, Murad ÇANAKCI, Mehmet TOPAKCI

Büyük tohumların ekimde kullanılan bir hava emişli hassas ekim makinasının çıplak ve peletle kaplı soğan tohumlarını ekim başarısı

Tohumların film veya peletle kaplanması, çimlenmeyi ve dolayısıyla düzenli filiz çıkışı ile verimi arttıran önemli bir teknolojidir. Son yıllarda özellikle sebze tarımında kaplanmış tohumların kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle kaplanmış tohumların ekim makinaları ile ekimine yönelik bilgiye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu araştırma büyük tohumların ekimi için tasarlanmış bir hava emişli hassas ekim makinasının çıplak ve peletle kaplanmış soğan (Allium cepa L.) tohumlarının ekim başarısını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Laboratuvar denemeleri ile 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0 m s-1 ilerleme hızlarında ekim makinasının tohum dağılım düzgünlüğü incelenmiştir. Yapışkan bantlı deneme düzeni kullanılarak yapılan denemelerde, peletle kaplama soğan tohumlarının dağılım düzgünlüğünü iyileştirmiştir. Çıplak tohumlar için optimum ilerleme hızı 1.0 m s-1 iken kaplı tohumlar için 1.5 m s-1 ‘dir. Dolayısıyla ekim makinası tarla denemelerinde çıplak soğan tohumlarının ekiminde 1.0 m s-1 ilerleme hızında, kaplı soğan tohumlarının ekiminde ise 1.5 m s-1 ilerleme hızında çalıştırılmıştır. Tohumların peletle kaplanması tarla filiz çıkış oranını %73.6’dan %62.5’e düşürmüştür. Ancak tarla koşulları için önerilen %60 çimlenme oranın üzerinde olduğu için kabul edilebilir olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Allium cepa, Tohum kaplama, Peletle tohum kaplama, Ekim, Tohum dağılım düzgünlüğü

Performance of a large seed vacuum planter for bare and pelleted onion seeds

Seed coating, or pelleting, is a technology used to improve seed germination and provide more uniform stands and higher yields. In recent years, the use of coated or pelleted seed has increased in vegetable cultivation. Information on sowing of coated, or pelleted seed, with planters are needed. This research was carried out to determine the performance of a precision vacuum planter designed for large seed for sowing pelleted and bare onion (Allium cepa L.) seed. A laboratory experiment was performed to evaluate seed distribution uniformity for forward speeds of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m s-1. For the laboratory test using a sticky belt test setup, pelleting of onion seed generally increased seed distribution uniformity of the planter. Optimum forward speed was 1.5 m s-1 for pelleted and 1.0 m s-1 for bare seed. The planter was operated at the forward speed of 1.5 m s-1 for pelleted and 1.0 m s-1 for bare seed for field trials. Pelleting of onion seed decreased percentage emergence from 73.6 to 62.5% for field conditions. Percentage emergence of pelleted seed in the field decreased more than bare seed, but it was considered acceptable for precision sowing with planter as indicated percentage emergence being over 60%.

Keywords:

Allium cepa, Seed coating, Seed pelleting, Sowing, Seed distribution uniformity,

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