Forensic audio authentication analysis technique of first or higher generation copies of analog magnetic audio tapes

In forensic audio examination, standard listening and visual sound spectrogram analysis methods often lead to incorrect conclusions due to the losses in data when the tape is copied. Furthermore, conducting the standard examinations on audio files which are digitally edited and re-recorded on the tapes, leaving very little trace behind, also result in incorrect decisions made by forensic experts. In this study, a novel and a very simple technique was developed, where the electronic edit traces on an electronically edited tape become easily detectable on copy generation tapes. Thus, regardless of the duplication speed, copied tapes can be analyzed for their originality and integrity with this technique and digital changes on them can be determined. The technique is based on increasing the tape playback speed by modifying the playback system of a player device. This essentially alters the time base of the signal and expands the low frequency scale of the recording in the frequency domain, and makes manipulation marks easily observable. It can be applied to most analog magnetic tape recorder devices. Edit marks can be precisely detected with minimal loss of time by using specially modified nonstandard devices rather than available conventional standard devices.

___

Hollien, Harry. The Acoustics of Crime: The New Science of Forensic Phonetics, Springer, New York. 1990:161-83

BOSS, Dagmar; GFROERER, Stefan; NEOUSTROEV, Nikolai. A new tool for the visualization of magnetic features on audiotapes. Forensic Linguistics, 2003, 10: 256-271. http://gurteq.com/MOA-KOF%20DOWNLOADS/ MOA-KOF%20PAPER.pdf access date 10.14.2017

BEGAULT, Durand R.; BRUSTAD, Brian M.; STANLEY, Andrew M. Tape analysis and authentication using multi-track recorders. Audio Engineering Society Conference: 26th International Conference: Audio Forensics in the Digital Age. Audio Engineering Society, 2005. 2-4. http://citeseerx.ist.psu. edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.563.3579&rep=rep1&type=pdf access date 10.14.2017.

Güral NE. Bilgisayar ortamında kurgulanıp, manyetik banda kaydedilen ses sinyallerinin adli amaçlı incelenme yöntemi (Forensic Analysis of ComputerEdited Sound Signals re-recorded Analog Audio Tapes), Ph.D. Thesis, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 2003.

Robert C. Maher, Overview of audio forensics, in: Intelligent multimedia analysis for security applications, SCI 282, Springer 2010, 142. http://www. montana.edu/rmaher/publications/maher_forensics_chapter_2010.pdf access date 10.14.2017.

Zakariah M, Khan MK, Malik H. Digital multimedia audio forensics: Past, Present and Future, Multimedia Tools and Applications, https://doi. org/10.1007/s11042-016-4277-2, Springer US, New York 2017: 2-4. access date 10.14.2017.

Tape Examinations, Handbook of Forensic Services, https://www.fbi.gov/filerepository/handbook-of-forensic-services-pdf.pdf access date 10.14.2017.

AES 43-2000 (s2012). AES Standard for Forensic Purposes: Criteria for The Authentication of Analog Audio Tape Recordings. Audio Engineering Society 2010.12.02.

Grigoras, Catalin, Applications of ENF criterion in forensic audio, video, computer and telecommunication analysis. Forensic Science International. 2007;167(2):136-45. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0379073806004312 access date 10.14.2017.

Adobe Audition 3 User Guide, Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2007. http:// help.adobe.com/archive/en_US/audition/3/audition_3_help.pdf access date 10.14.2017.

EMI Modern Instrumentation Tape Recordings - An Engineering Handbook. – Published by EMI Technology, Danbury, CT 1978:83:12-4

Adams B. Magnetic tape recordings. Audio and video cassettes. Adams Magnetic Products. 1996, rev. 2000: 6-7 http://www.evidencegrade.com/ PDF/Primer_AV_Casettes.pdf access date 10.14.2017.

Iraci J. 2005 Remedies for Deteriorated or Damaged Modern Information Carriers. Canadian Conservation Institute Technical Bulletin TB.27 pp. 18-20.

Güral NE. Bant Tetkiki (Audio Tape Examination). M.Sc. Thesis, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 1995.

Verifying the Integrity of Audio and Videotapes. Tape Editing Technology http://tapeexpert.com/pdf/verifyingintegrity.pdf access date 10.14.2017.
Medicine Science-Cover
  • ISSN: 2147-0634
  • Yayın Aralığı: 4
  • Başlangıç: 2012
  • Yayıncı: Effect Publishing Agency ( EPA )
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Is circulating survivin altered in acromegaly?

Esra ADEMOĞLU, Erdal DİLEKÇİ, Zehra CANDAN, Suheyla GORAR, Mutlu NİYAZOĞLU, Ayşe ÇARLIOĞLU, Faruk YILDIZ, İdris BAYDAR, Abdulmuttalip ASLAN

Medicolegal autopsy administration

Zeynep YENER

Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient during surgical excision of primary cerebral hydatid cyst

MURAT İZGİ, Melahat YALÇIN SOLAK, ŞENNUR UZUN, BURÇAK BİLGİNER

Forensic audio authentication analysis technique of first or higher generation copies of analog magnetic audio tapes

Ege Niyazi GÜRAL, Melih PAZARCI

Investigation of DNA repair genes XPD and hOGG1 in type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Nihal YİĞİTBAŞI, Leman Melis YURDUM, Ümit YILMAZ, Nesibe YİLMAZ, BEDİA ÇAKMAKOĞLU, Hülya YILMAZ AYDOĞAN, Kubilay KARŞIDAĞ, Şakir Ümit ZEYBEK

Studying the efficacy of resistin as a diagnostic biomarker of neonatal sepsis

Heba Mostafa AHMED, Osama Ezzat BOTROUS, Noha A. DOUDAR, Heba HAMDY

Preeclampsia as a cardiovascular risk factor

Özgür KIRBAŞ, BURAK AÇAR, Ayşe KIRBAŞ, ÖZCAN ÖZEKE

Comparison of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy in terms of determining of preoperative malignancy in thyroid nodules

VAHİT MUTLU, Özgür YÖRÜK

Nebulized magnesium sulphate during acute exacerbation of asthma in adults after failure of Traditional treatment

Mohamed S. ELSAKAYA, Monira T. İSMAİL, Mohamed N. HAMED, Hamdy A. HENDWAY, Magdy A. OMERA

The effect of osteoporosis knowledge levels and personal characteristics on osteoporosis health beliefs in women in the menopausal period

BEHİCE ERCİ, Ülfet AKDAĞ, ÜMMÜHAN AKTÜRK