Altered lipid profile has been reported to be associated with febrile infectious diseases in children. The true relationship between lipid abnormalities and infectious diseases remains to be poorly understood. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL - cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, apolipoprotein-A 1, apolipoprotein-B levels and serum TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1cc concentrations were examined in 33 children över the course of a common bacterial infectious disease and these values were compared with those of 20 healthy age-matched controls. Each child served as his/her own control, since the patients were examined for the same parameters three weeks after the onset of fever (recovery period). IL-1$\alpha$ and TNF-$\alpha$ levels in acute infection period were significantly higher than the ones in healthy controls. Parameters related with lipid profile were not found to be different betvveen these groups except serum triglyceride levels. Serum triglyceride level which was found to be increased in acute phase was stili high in recovery period. There was also a significant difference in IL-1 $\alpha$ and TNF-$\alpha$a levels betvveen acute febrile illness and recovery period vvhereas no change was found in lipid profile. Because of the persistence of high levels in recovery period, only serum triglyceride shovved a significant difference betvveen the patients in recovery period and healthy controls. LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels positively correlated with TNF-$\alpha$. Only Apo-A 1 and Apo-B levels shovved a positive correlation with serum IL-1 $\alpha$ levels. Our data demonstrated that an acute febrile disease, not a systemic oen or septicemia, was associated with only serum triglyceride changes either in acute ör recovery phase, and positive correlations were found betvveen serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and lipid concentrations.