Caner AKOĞLU, Gülden KÜÇÜKAKÇA ÇELİK, Figen İNCİ

Pain and Anxiety in Cataract Surgery: Comparison Between the First and Second Eye Surgeries

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the pain and anxiety levels in the perioperative period of patients undergoing cataract surgery on both eyes. Materials and Methods: The study used a descriptive design to assess 60 patients who had undergone cataract surgery on both eyes. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate the subjective parameters of patients in the surgical process. Objective measurements in the perioperative process were recorded in the physiological parameters form. Results: The state anxiety levels of patients in the preoperative period of the first eye surgery were found to be higher compared with that of the second eye surgery (p=0.003). In addition, patients were determined to have more severe anxiety in the preoperative period of the first eye surgery (VAS: 4.510) and before (VAS: 4.483) and during the perioperative period (VAS: 4.150) of the second eye surgery. Patients had a higher pain score and a higher state of anxiety after clinic admission in the postoperative period of the second eye surgery compared with that of the first eye surgery (p

Katarakt Cerrahisinde Ağrı ve Anksiyete: Birinci Göz ve İkinci Göz Cerrahisi Arasında Karşılaştırma

Amaç: Bu çalışma her iki gözde katarakt ameliyatı geçiren hastaların perioperatif dönemdeki ağrı ve anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek ve karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan çalışmanın örneklemini, her iki göze katarakt cerrahisi uygulanan 60 hasta oluşturdu. Vizuel analog skala (VAS) ve Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri, hastaların cerrahi süreçteki subjektif parametrelerini değerlendirmek için kullanıldı. Perioperatif süreçte değerlendirilen objektif ölçümler ise fizyolojik parametre formuna kaydedildi. Bulgular: Ameliyat öncesi dönemde hastaların durumluk kaygı düzeyleri ikinci göz cerrahisine göre daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,003). Ayrıca hastaların ilk göz cerrahisi ameliyat öncesi dönemde (VAS: 4,510) ve ikinci göz cerrahisi ameliyat öncesi (VAS: 4,483) ve ameliyat esnasında (VAS: 4,150) daha şiddetli anksiyeteye sahip oldukları belirlendi. İkinci göz cerrahisi ameliyat sonrası dönemde, hastaların ilk göz cerrahisine göre ağrı düzeyleri ve kliniğe alındıktan sonra durumluk anksiyete düzeyleri daha yüksekti (p

PDF

___

1. Assam JH, Bernhisel A, Lin A. Intraoperative and postoperative pain in cataract surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 63: 75-85.

2. Alam M, Saleem M. Sub conjunctıval versus perıbulbar local anaesthesıa in cataract surgery. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 2011; 9: 128-30.

3. Akkaya S, Özkurt YB, Aksoy S, Kökçen HK. Differences in pain experience and cooperation between consecutive surgeries in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 37: 545-52.

4. Dadacı Z, Borazan M, Öncel Acır N. Pain Perception in Phacoemulsification with Topical Anesthesia and Evaluation of Factors Related with Pain. Turk J Ophthalmol 2016; 46: 151-5.

5. Porela-Tiihonen S, Kaarniranta K, Kokki M, Purhonen S, Kokki H. A prospective study on postoperative pain after cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7: 1429-35.

6. Rothschild PR, Grabar S, Le Dû B, Temstet C, Rostaqui O, Brézin AP. Patients’ subjective assessment of the duration of cataract surgery: a case series. BMJ Open 2013; 3: e002497.

7. Yılmaz E, Birer Z, Baydur H. The effect of Therapeutic touch performed during cataract surgery on anxiety and patient satisfaction. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 2016; 7: 52-6.

8. Jiang L, Zhang K, He W, Zhu X, Zhou P, Lu Y. Perceived Pain during Cataract Surgery with Topical Anesthesia: A Comparison between First-Eye and Second-Eye Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015: 383456.

9. Abacıoğlu S. Katarakt cerrahisi yapılacak hastalarda 1. ve 2. göz cerrahileri öncesi, hastaların endişe düzeylerinin araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Unpublished master of medicine thesis). Afyon: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009.

10. Anuja BS, Devi ES, Sequira L, Rao L, Pai VH. Effectiveness of ıntra operative hand holding on anxiety and physiological parameters among patients undergoing cataract surgery. Nitte University Journal of Health Science 2014; 4: 27-33.

11. Hari-Kovacs A, Lovas P, Facsko A, Crate ID. Is second eye phacoemulsification really more painful? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2012; 124: 516-9.

. Adatia FA, Munro M, Jivraj I, Ajani A, Braga-Mele R. Documenting the subjective patient experience of first versus second cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015; 41: 116-21.

13. Shi C, Yuan J, Zee B. Pain Perception of the First Eye versus the Second Eye during Phacoemulsification under Local Anesthesia for Patients Going through Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019: 4106893.

14. Ursea R, Feng MT, Zhou M, Lien V, Loeb R. Pain perception in sequential cataract surgery: comparison of first and second procedures. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011; 37: 1009-14.

15. Yu JG, Ye T, Huang Q, Feng YF, Wang J, Fu XA, et al. Comparison between Subjective Sensations during First and Second Phacoemulsification Eye Surgeries in Patients with Bilateral Cataract. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016: 6521567.

16. Bardocci A, Ciucci F, Lofoco G, Perdicaro S, Lischetti A. Pain during second eye cataract surgery under topical anesthesia: an intraindividual study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249: 1511-4.

17. Sharma NS, Ooi JL, Figueira EC, Rosenberg ML, Masselos K, Papalkar DP, et al. Patient perceptions of second eye clear corneal cataract surgery using assisted topical anaesthesia. Eye (Lond) 2008; 22: 547-50.

18. Liu P, Zhang S, Geng Z, Yuan R, Ye J. Factors affecting pain in patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40: 297-303.

19. Ramirez DA, Brodie FL, Rose-Nussbaumer J, Ramanathan S. Anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a pre- and postoperative comparison. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11: 1979-86.

20. Demircan S, Ataş M, Altunel O, Gülhan A, Zararsız G. Anksiyetenin katarakt cerrahisi uygulanan hastalarda uyum ve intraoperatif ağrı üzerine etkisi. Glokom-Katarakt/Journal of GlaucomaCataract 2014; 10: 278-82.

21. Aslan L, Aslankurt M, Cekic O, Aksoy A, Yildiz H. The pain experience and cooperation of patients in consecutive cataract surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol 2013; 23: 339-43.

22. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983.

23. Öner N, LeCompte WA. Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, no:133; 1985.

24. Cline ME, Herman J, Shaw ER, Morton RD. Standardization of the visual analogue scale. Nurs Res 1992; 41: 378-80.

25. Eti-Aslan F. Ağrı Değerlendirme Yöntemleri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2002; 6: 9-16.

26. Davis G. The Evolution of Cataract Surgery. Mo Med 2016; 113: 58-62.

27. Kekecs Z, Jakubovits E, Varga K, Gombos K. Effects of patient education and therapeutic suggestions on cataract surgery patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Patient Educ Couns 2014; 94: 116-22.

28. Nijkamp MD, Kenens CA, Dijker AJ, Ruiter RA, Hiddema F, Nuijts RM. Determinants of surgery related anxiety in cataract patients. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88: 1310-4.

29. Haripriya A, Tan CS, Venkatesh R, Aravind S, Dev A, Au Eong KG. Effect of preoperative counseling on fear from visual sensations during phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011; 37: 814-8.

30. Zhu XJ, Wolff D, Zhang KK, He WW, Sun XH, Lu Y, et al. Molecular Inflammation in the Contralateral Eye After Cataract Surgery in the First Eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56: 5566-73.

31. Zhang Y, Du Y, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Lu Y. Effects of Pranoprofen on Aqueous Humor Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Level and Pain Relief During Second-Eye Cataract Surgery. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 783.