2022 Fransa Başkanlık Seçimlerindeki Temel Dinamik: Popülizm

Öz Nisan 2022’de gerçekleşen Fransa Başkanlık seçimleri, sonuçları itibariyle birçok açıdan Fransız siyaseti için dönüm noktası niteliğindedir. 2022 seçimleri, Macron’un tekrar seçilmesiyle, Fransa’da 2017’den itibaren başlayan siyasi dönüşümün artık pekiştiğini gösteren bir unsurdur. Bu siyasi dönüşüm, iki yeni kamp üzerinden gelişimini sürdürmektedir. Buna göre ulusçular ve enternasyonalistler Fransız siyasetinde yükselen iki akım olarak belirmektedir. Ana akım sağ ve sol partilerin seçmenleri ikna edici siyaset üretememesi nedeniyle, radikal sağ ve radikal sol partiler popülist stratejilerle 2017’den bu yana oy oranlarını yükseltmektedirler. Söz konusu çalışmada merkez sağ ve merkez sol partilerin seçmenleri ikna edici siyaset üretememesi nedeniyle, radikal sol ve radikal sağ partilerin popülist stratejilerle Fransız siyasetini dönüştürücü etkisi irdelenmektedir. Çalışmada popülizm kavramı teorik olarak tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezlerinin doğrulanması için nitel araştırma yöntemiyle toplanan veriler, seçim sonuçlarından elde edilen istatistiki verilerle birlikte incelenmiştir. Buna göre, 2022 seçimlerine katılan adayların programları ve seçim stratejileri nitel yöntemle karşılaştırmalı içerik analizine tabii tutulmuştur. Merkez sağ ve merkez solun siyaset üretememesi sonucunda, iki türlü seçim davranışının ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür: Seçmenlerin bir kısmı mevcut siyasi ortamı protesto ederek oy kullanmama eğilimi gösterirken, bir kısmı da radikal ideolojilere karşı baraj oluşturma davranışını içselleştirmektedir. Sonuç olarak belirsiz bir ideolojik duruş sergileyen ve sonrasında sağ siyasi kanada kayan Macron rahat bir şekilde başkan seçilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

2022 Fransa Başkanlık Seçimleri, Popülizm, Fransa Siyaseti, Macron, Mélenchon, Le Pen

Abstract The French Presidential election, which took place in April 2022, was a turning point for French politics for several reasons. The 2022 election, which resulted in the re-election of Macron, demonstrated that the political transformation that started in 2017 in France has now consolidated. This political transformation continues its development through two new camps. Accordingly, nationalists and internationalists (globalists) appear as two rising ideological camps in French politics. Because of the fact that central right and left parties are not able to produce politics that can convince the voters, the extreme right and extreme left parties have been increasing their vote rates with populist strategies since 2017. The present study offers an analysis on the transformative effect of the radical left and radical right parties on French politics with populist strategies. Accordingly, the concept of populism was subjected to a theoretical discussion. In order to verify the hypotheses of the study, the data collected by qualitative and quantitative research methods were brought together and examined. Accordingly, the programs and election strategies of the candidates participating in the 2022 elections were subjected to content analysis with the qualitative method. The elections results were also analyzed with the data obtained from the French governmental resources. The inability of the center-right and center-left to produce convincing politics has turned into two types of electoral behavior. As a result, Macron, who has an ambiguous ideological stance, can easily be re-elected as the president of France.

Keywords:

2022 French Presidential Elections, Populism, French Politics, Macron, Mélenchon, Le Pen,

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