The components of the essential oil obtained from the dried aerial parts of Sideritis trojana Bornm. by hydrodistillation was analyzed both by GC-FID and GC-MS, simultaneously. Overall 57 compounds were identified representing 83.8% of the oil. The major components of the oil were identified as valeranone (11.3%), α-bisabolol (10.9%) and β-caryophyllene (8.8%), respectively. The composition of the oil showed quantitative chemical variation from previously studied material in terms of its major components. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial and anticandidal activities using a broth microdilution method. A selected panel of standard strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) human pathogens as well as Candida albicans were used in the assay. As a preliminary result, it was observed that the oil displayed relatively moderate antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori with MIC value of 250 µg/mL when compared to standard antimicrobials. As a conclusion, it is worthwhile to evaluate the plant material against a broader spectrum of activities.
___
Whitmire JM, Merrell DS. Successful culture techniques for Helicobacter species: General culture techniques for Helicobacter pylori. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 921: 17-27.
EUCAST (2011). Clinical breakpoints for Helicobacter pylori, European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
Demirci B, Toyota M, Demirci F, Dadandı MY, Başer KHC. Anticandidal pimaradiene diterpene from Phlomis essential oils. CR Chimie 2009; 12: 612-21.
CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Seventeenth Informational Supplement, 2007; M100-S17, 27 (1).
CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that grow aerobically, Approved Standard-Seventh Edition. 2006; 26: 1-4.
CLSI. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi, Approved Standard-Second Edition Method 2002; M38-A2. 22: 1-27.
ESO 2000. The Complete Database of Essential Oils. Boelens Aroma Chemical Information Service, The Netherlands. 1999.
Joulain D, Koenig WA. The Atlas of Spectra Data of Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons. EB-Verlag, Hamburg, Germany. 1998.
Koenig WA, Joulain D, Hochmuth D H. Terpenoids and Related Constituents of Essential Oils. MassFinder 3, Hamburg, Germany. 2004.
McLafferty FW, Stauffer DB. The Wiley/NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data. J Wiley and Sons, New York, USA. 1989.
Başer KHC. Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure Appl Chem 2002; 74: 527–45.
Kırımer N, Başer KHC, Demirci B, Duman H. Essential oils of the Sideritis species of Turkey belonging to the section Empedoclia. Chem Nat Comp 2004; 40: 19-23.
Kılıç T, Yıldız YK, Gören AC, Tümen G, Topçu G. Phytochemical analysis of some Sideritis species of Turkey. Chem Nat Comp 2003; 39: 453-6.
Kırmızıbekmez H, Arıburnu E, Masullo M, Festa M, Capasso A, Yeşilada E, Piacente S, Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana. Fitoterapia 2012; 83: 130-6.
Kırımer N, Demirci B, İşcan G, Başer KHC, Duman H. Composition of the essential oils of two Sideritis species from Turkey and antimicrobial activity. Chem Nat Comp 2008; 44:121-3.
Topçu G, Gören AC, Kılıç T, Yıldız YK, Tümen G. Diterpenes from Sideritis trojana. Nat Prod Lett 2002; 16: 33–7.
Kılıç Ö. Essential oil composition of two Sideritis L. taxa from Turkey: A chemotaxonomic approach. Asian J Chem 2014; 26: 2466-70.
Huber-Morath A. Sideritis L. In: Davis PH. (Ed). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol 7. University Press, Edinburgh. 1982, pp. 178-199.
Bulut G, Tuzlacı E. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Bayramiç (Çanakkale-Turkey). Marmara Pharm J 2015; 19: 268-82.
Gonzalez-Burgos E, Carretero ME, Gomez-Serranillos MP. Sideritis spp.: Uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities-A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135: 209-25.