Acute asthmatic exacerbation and hospital admission may beassociated with severe influenza infection. It has been reportedthat immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine in patientswith persistent asthma decreased respiratory illnesses and asthmarelatedevents. Evidence from more recently published randomizedtrials indicated that there is no significant increase in asthmaexacerbations immediately after influenza vaccination. Similarly,inactivated influenza vaccine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients resulted in a significant reduction in the total numberof exacerbations when compared with placebo. The highest incidenceof invasive pneumococcal disease occurs in children <5 years of age,immunocompromised persons such as HIV, and those ≥65 years ofage. Therefore, pneumococcal vaccine has been recommended forall adults ≥65 years of age and in younger patients who have acondition that increases the risk of invasive pneumococcal diseaseor pneumococcal pneumonia. The development of pneumococcalconjugate vaccines represents a major advance, and the use of suchvaccine has reduced the incidence of pneumococcal disease andacute exacerbation in COPD patients. There are limited data aboutthe effect of pneumococcal vaccine on asthmatic patients.