Susan KABACİA, Mary Nyawira MUCHANE

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Doğu Afrika'da Yenilebilir Yabani Mantarların Kültüre Alınması: Araştırmadaki İlerlemeler ve Gelecekteki Beklentiler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Mantar yetiştiriciliği, geçim kaynaklarını iyileştirme konusunda büyük potansiyele sahip, Afrika'da gelişmekte olan bir endüstridir. Bununla birlikte, sektöre hala bölgesel uyum sağlamada zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalan birkaç egzotik tür hakimdir. Ayrıca, mantarların kültüre alma durumları, karşılaştıkları zorluklar ve gelecek beklentileri ile ilgili bilgiler dağınık ve belirsizdir. Bu makalenin amacı, Doğu Afrika'da bulunan mantarların çeşitliliğini incelemek ve detaylandırmak, halihazırda kültüre alınmış olan yabani yenilebilir/tıbbi mantar türlerinin (WEM'ler), kültüre alma durumlarını, yenilebilir türlerin beslenme kompozisyon durumunu ve anaç kültürlerinin (germplazmlarının) mevcudiyetini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bunu başarmak için, yayınlanan araştırma makaleleri, kitaplar ve Doğu Afrika raporlarının ayrıntılı bir incelemesi yapılmıştır. Veriler, yabani yenilebilir/tıbbi türlerin çeşitliliğine, besin bileşimi analizine ve kültüre alma yöntemlerine ve statüsüne odaklanan makalelerden toplanmıştır. Araştırmada 306 yabani yenilebilir/tıbbi türün gıda/ilaç olarak kullanım için arzu edilen özelliklere sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir, en yüksek sayıyı ortaya koyan Tanzanya (147) ve onu Malavi (90) takip etmektedir. Bunların arasında 82 tür, sürdürülebilir bir şekilde hasat edilir ve yönetilirse mantar endüstrisini destekleme potansiyeli yüksek, yenilebilir ektomikorizal türlerdir. Geri kalanı saprofitik mantar türleridir. Saprofitik grubundan sadece 14 türün doku kültürü yapılmış ve tohumluk misel üretimi ve yetiştirme için test edilmiştir. 51 tür besin bileşimi açısından analiz edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bunların hiçbiri ticari olarak kültüre alınmaya çalışılmamıştır ve anaç kültürlerin araştırılması ve çoğaltılması amacıyla mevcut durum belirsizdir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuç, Afrika'da yabani yenilebilir/tıbbi türlerin kültüre alınmasına ilişkin araştırmaların henüz başlangıç aşamasında olduğunu açıkça göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kültür mantarcılığı, Dağılım, Türler, Substratlar, Simbiyoz

Domestication of Wild Edible Mushrooms in Eastern Africa: A Review of Research Advances and Future Prospects

Mushroom farming is an emerging industry in Africa with great potential to improve livelihoods. However, the industry is still dominated by a few exotic varieties faced with challenges of regional adaptability. Also, information concerning their domestication status, challenges and future prospects is scattered and unclear. The purpose of this paper was to review and detail the diversity of mushrooms occurring in Eastern Africa (EA), reveal the wild edible/medicinal species (WEMs) that have already been domesticated, their domestication status, the nutritional composition status of the edible species and availability of their germplasm (mother cultures). To achieve this, a detailed review of published research articles, books and reports from EA was conducted. Data was collected from articles focusing on the diversity of WEMs, nutritional composition analysis and domestication methods and status. From the review, 306 WEMs are shown to have desirable characteristics for utilization as food /medicine, with Tanzania documenting the highest number (147) followed by Malawi (90). Among these, 82 species are edible ectomycorrhizal species with great potential to support the mushroom industry if sustainably harvested and managed. The rest are saprophytic fungi species. Only 14 species among the saprobe group have been tissue cultured, tested for spawn production and cultivation. 51 species have been analyzed for nutritional composition. However, none of these have been commercially introduced to cultivation and the availability of their germplasm for research and propagation purpose is uncertain. The result from this study clearly shows research on the domestication of WEMS in Africa is still in its infancy stages.
Keywords:

Cultivation, Distribution, Species, Substrates, Symbiosis,

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MANTAR DERGİSİ-Cover
  • ISSN: 2147-6845
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2010
  • Yayıncı: Selçuk Üniversitesi Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü
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