Özbekistan’ın Yeni Özbek Stratejisi ile Dönüşümü: Politikaların Göç Altyapısı Yoluyla Emek Göçünün Arabuluculuğuna Yönelik Değiştirilmesi

Orta Asya ülkelerinin bağımsızlık sonrası ekonomik sorunları Rusya’nın göç merkezi olmasını sağlamış, ancak zaman içinde göç Rusya ile birlikte gelişen Kazakistan ve Türkiye’ye yönelmiştir. Özbekistan Orta Asya ülkeleri içinde nüfusu en kalabalık ülke ve işçi dövizlerinden en çok yararlanan ülkedir. 2016 yılında Mirziyoyev’in seçilmesiyle açıklanan Yeni Özbek Stratejisi ülkede ekonomik ve sosyal bir dönüşüm gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu makale, göç altyapısını yurtdışındaki vatandaşlarını korunmanın bir aracı olarak Yeni Özbek Stratejinden hareketle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Göçmen işçilerin varış ülkelerinde haklarının korunması onların marjinalleşme, dışlanma ve yoksullukla karşılaşmasını önlemek için önemlidir. Göç altyapısı düzenleyici, ticari, teknolojik, insani ve sosyal bileşenlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, Çalışma Bakanlığının yeni yapısı, ikili anlaşmalar, iş piyasasının düzenlenmesi, özel işe alma şirketlerine izin verilmesi, demiryolu projeleri, uluslararası kuruluşlarla işbirliğinin geliştirilmesi ve göçmen ağları göç altyapısının bileşenlerinin geliştiğini göstermektedir. Ekonomik serbestleşmeyle birlikte komşularla iyi ilişkiler ve dış politika da göç altyapısının gelişmesinde ve göçün kurumsallaşmasında önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, göç altyapısı ile sağlanan gelişmenin göçü artıracağı, göçün yöneleceği ülkeleri çeşitlendireceği ve ülkenin ekonomik büyümesi ile dönüşüm için etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir. Söz konusu çalışmalar henüz yeni olmakla birlikte altyapının gelişmesine ilişkin önemli adımlar atıldığı, gelecekte güvenli ve düzenli göçün artacağı ve yeni ülkelere yöneleceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Göç Altyapısı, Göçmen Hakları, Özbekistan’ın Dönüşümü, Kalkınma, Göç Politikası

Uzbekistan’s Transformation with the New Uzbek Strategy: Shifting Policies towards Mediation of Labor Migration through Migration Infrastructure

Because of the post-independence economic problems in Central Asian countries, Russia became the center of immigration, but as time passed, immigration shifted to Kazakhstan and Turkey. Uzbekistan is the most populous Central Asian country and the one that benefits the most from worker remittances. The New Uzbek Strategy, announced after Mirziyoyev's election in 2016, is transforming economy and society of the country. This paper aims to examine migration infrastructure through the New Uzbek Strategy as the way of protecting citizens abroad. It is critical to protect the rights of migrant workers in the destination countries to keep them from facing marginalization, exclusion, and poverty. Migration infrastructure is made up of regulatory, commercial, technological, humanitarian, and social elements. In this framework, the new Ministry of Labor structure, bilateral agreements, labor market regulation, allowing private recruitment companies, railway projects, development of cooperation with international organizations, and migrant networks all indicate the development of migration infrastructure components. In addition to economic liberalization, good neighborhood relations and foreign policy are important to develop migration infrastructure and institutionalization of migration. As a result, it is expected that the migration infrastructure development will increase migration, diversify of the countries and be beneficial to economic growth and transformation the country. Although these studies are still in their early stages, it has been concluded that significant steps have been taken in the infrastructure development, and the safe and regular migration will increase migration to the new destination countries in the future .

Keywords:

Migration infrastructure, Labour Migrant’s Rights, Uzbekistan’s Transformation, Development, Migration Policy,

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