Küresel Kamusal Mallar Bağlamında Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Çevre Kirlenmesi: Üretim, Finansman ve Yönetim Sorunları

Küresel kamusal mallar, yarattıkları fayda ve zararlar ile ülke sınırlarını aşarak tüm nesil ve toplumları etkilerler. Küreselleşme süreci ile bu mal ve hizmetlerin önemi günden güne artmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çevre kirliliği ve sağlık hizmetleri büyük öneme sahip olup, literatürde ciddi bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu mal ve hizmetlerin üretim, finansman ve yönetim problemleri analiz edilmiştir.

Health Services and Environmental Pollution in the Context Global Public Goods: Production, Finance and Management Problems

Global public goods are public goods whose benefits or harms reach across borders, generations and population groups and their importance increase in the globalization process day by day, in the context, environmental pollution and health services became important subjects and in a serious manner discussed in the literature. In this survey, their production, finance and management problems were analysed.

PDF

___

1. Field, B. C. and M.K. Field, Environmental Economics: An Introduction, 3. Ed., 2002, McGraw Hill, Boston.

2. Mutlu Ayşegül, Çevre Ekonomisi, Politikalar, Uygulamalar ve Türkiye, Marmara Üniversitesi, Maliye Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayın No. 15, İstanbul, 2002.

3. Ostrom, E., Governing the Commons, The Evolution of Institutions Collective Action, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1990.

4. Pearce, D. W. and R. K. Turner, The Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990.

5. Phillips, Charles, E., Health Economics, Harper Colins Publisher, The University of Rochester, USA, 1996.

6. Sandler, Todd, Global Challenges: An Approach to Environmental, Political and Economic Problems, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

7. Sagasti, Francesko and Keith Bezanson, Financing and Providing Global Public Goods, Expectations and Prospect, IDS Institute of Development Studies, Sweden, 2001.

8. Turner, Kerry, R., David Pearce and Ian Bateman, Environmental Economics, An Elementary Introduction, Harvester Wheat Sheaf, Cornell, 1994.

9. Acocella, Nicola, “Distributive Problems in the Provision of Global Public Goods”, Intervento Publlico e Architectura dei Mercati, Pavia, Universita, 5-6 Octobre 2001.

10.Anand, P.B., “Financing the Provision of Global Public Goods”, Discussion Paper No 2002/10, WIDER (World Institute for Development Economics Research), Helsinki, 2002.

11.Barde, Jean, Philippe, “Environmental Taxation: Experience in OECD Countries”, Ecotaxation, (Ed. Tim O’Rierdan), St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1997, pp. 223-245.

12.Clunies-Ross, Anthony, “Ways of Paying for Global Public-Goods”, Paper for the Development Studies Association Conference, 10-12 September 2003.

13.Çoban, Aykut, “Çokuluslu Şirketler – Ekolojik Zarar İlişkisinin Ekonomi – Politiği”, Çevre Sorunlarına Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar: Ekolojik, Ekonomik, Politik ve Yönetsel Perspektifler, (Eds. M.C. Maria ve U Yıldırım içinde), İstanbul, Beta, 2004.

14.Cooper, Richard, N., “Global Public Goods: A Role for China and India”, UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) Project on International Public Goods for Economic Development, Vienna, August 2005.

15.Hazilla, Michael, and R. J. Kapp, “Social Cost of Environmental Requlations: A General Equilibrium Analysis”, Journal of Political Economy, 1991, pp. 90-110.

16.Kanbur, R., “Cross Border Externalities, International Public Goods and Their Emplications for Aid Agencies”, Working Paper. Ithaca: Cornell University, 2001, www.people.cornell.edu/pages/sk145/papers/IPGWB.pdf.

17.Kaul, Inge, I. Grunberg and M.A. Stren, “Defining Global Public Goods”, Global Public Goods, (Eds. Inge Kaul, I. Grunberg and Marc A. Stern), içinde ss. , Oxford University Press, 1999.

18.Kaul, Inge, “Governing Global Public Goods in an Multi-Actor World: The Role of the United Nations, http://www.unu.edu/millenium/kaul.pdf, (Ocak 2006).

19.Marfleet, Phil, “Globalisation and Thirld World”, International Socializm Journal, Issue 81, Winter, 1998.

20.Martin, Lisa, L., “The Political Economy of International Cooperation”, Global Public Goods, (Eds. İnge Kaul ve diğerleri), içinde ss. , Oxford University Press, 1999.

21.McMorran, Ronald, T. and David L. Nellor, “Tax Policy and the Environment: Theory and Practice”, IMF, Working Paper, September 1994.

22.Morrissey, Oliver, Dirk, W. Tevelda and A. Hewitt, “Defining International Public Goods: Cenceptual Issıes”, International Public Goods: Incentives, Measurement and Financing, (Eds. Marco Ferroni and Asoha Mody), Kluwer Pub., Boston, The World Bank, Washington D.C., 2002, ss. 31-46.

23.Nordhaus, William, D., “Global Public Goods and the Problem of Global Warming”, Annual Lecture, The Intitut d’Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse, France, June 14, 1999, http://idei.fr/doc/conf/annual/paper_1999.pdf

24.Oates, E. W., P. R. Portney and A. M. McGarland, “The Net Benefits of Incentive-Based Requlation: A Case Study of Environmental Standard Settings”, American Economic Review, December 79, No. 5, 1989, pp. 1230-1242.

25.O’Riodan, Tim, “The New Environmentalism and Sustainable Development”, The Science of the Total Environment, 108, 1991.

26.Sandler, Todd, “International Public Goods, Strategies, Efficiency and Institutions”, Global Public Goods, (Eds. İnge Kaul ve diğerleri), içinde ss. , Oxford University Press, 1999.

27.Sandler, Todd and D. Arce, “A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Global and Trasnational Goods for Health”, Paper Prepared for Working Group 2 of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001.

28.Smith, Richard, D., “Global Public Goods and Health, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2003, 81 (7).

29.Wade, R., “The Management of Common Property Resources: Finding a Cooperative Solution”, World Bank Research Observer, 2 July 1986.

30.Zacher, Mark, W., “Global Epidemiological Surveillance, International Cooperation to Monitor Infectious Diseases”, Global Public Goods, International Cooperation in the 21st Century (Eds. Kaul, I ve diğerleri), a.g.e. içinde, ss. 266-283.

31.Zacher, Mark.,W., Birleşmiş Milletler Çerçeve Konvansiyonu’na İlişkin Kyoto Protokolü, http://gezegenimiz.com/kyototr.asp

32.Corners, R, and T. Sandler, The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods and Club Goods, Cambridge University Press, 1996.

33.Development Committee, 2000, Poverty Reduction and Global Public Goods: Issues for the World Bank in Supporting Collective Action, Document No. DC/2000-16.

34.EU Focus on Global Public Goods, European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/wssd

35.Feachem, Richard, G., A., and Jeffry D. Sachs, “Global Public Goods for Health”, The Report of Working Group 2 of the Commission Macroeconomics and Health, WHO, Geneva, 2002.

36.Feachem, Richard,G.,A., Global Public Goods, International Cooperation in the 21st Century, (Eds. Kaul, Inge, Isabella Grunberg, Marc A. Stern), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Oxford University Press, 1999.

37.Feachem, Richard,G.,A.,Global Public Goods and Health: Taking the Agenda Forward, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79 (9).

38.IKV, Avrupa Birliği’nin Bölgesel Politikası ve Türkiye’nin Uyumu, IKV Yayınları, İstanbul, Kasım 2001.

39.IKV, Sustaining Our Global Public Goods, Economic Briefing No. 3, Earth Summit 2002, Heinrich Böll Foundation, Johannesburg, http://www.earthsummit2002.org/es/issues/GPG/gpg.pdf

40.IKV, The Economist (8/2/1992): 82.

41.IKV, The Rome, Maatricht and Amsterdam Treaties, Comparative Text, 1999 Edition, Euroconfidential S. A., Belgium, 1999.

42.IKV,“The Polluter-Pays-Principle”, OECD Monograph, OECD/GD (92), 81, Paris, 1992, http://www.oecd.org/env/does/gd9281.pdf

43.UNIDO Project on International Public Goods for Economic Development, United Nations Indstrial Development Organisation, Vienna, 2005, http://www.unido.org/file_stroge/download/?file-id=41226

44.WCED (World Commission of Environmetn and Development), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, London, 1987.

45.Woodward, David and Richard Smith, “Global Public Goods and Health: Concepts and Issues”, WHO.

46.World Bank, Global Development Finance 2001, Washington D.C.: World Bank.