GÜNEYDOĞU TÜRKİYE'DEKİ ASFALTİK MADDELERİN ZUHUR VE TEŞEKKÜLLERİ

Güneydoğu Türkiye'de yaklaşık 17 200 km2 lik alanı kaplayan bir sahada stratigrafik-tektonik bakımdan asfaltik madde bulunabileceği ümit edilen bütün sahaların prospeksiyonu yapılmıştır. Yazar tarafından, kısmen yarmalarla ve sondajlarla tetkik edilen, 3500 metreye kadar uzanım (Avgamasya ve Milli filonları) ve mevziî 80 metreye kadar bir genişlik (Avgamasya filonu) gösteren, filon halindeki zuhurları tasvir edilmektedir. Yazar şu sonuca varmıştır: Şariyaj ve ters fay gibi olayların etkisiyle, sık sık düzensiz sistemler halinde, çok derine uzanan, geniş ve aralık çatlaklar açılmıştır. Şariyajların altındaki tabakalarda bükmeler bulunmakta olup, şariyajların tavanında da diyagonal çatlaklar göze çarpan anahatları gösterir. Eski bir petrol horizonundan doğan ve mineral maddesi ile kesif olarak karışmış yumuşak asfalt maddesi, kayaç kitlelerinin basıncı sebebiyle, bu çatlaklar içinde yüzeye yakın bir yere itilmektedir. «Cudi grubu» nda bulunan bir «asfaltik pirobitümlü şist» horizonu eski petrol horizonlarından birisi olarak tanınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

GÜNEYDOĞU, TÜRKİYE, ASFALTİK MADDELER

OCCURRENCES OF THE ASPHALTIC SUBSTANCES IN SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY AND THEIR GENESIS

In an area of approximately 17,200 km2 in Southeastern Turkey a prospection was carried out in all parts where occurrences of asphaltic substances could be expected in accord with the stratigraphical-tectonic situation. The author describes the vein-like occurrences, partially explored by trenches and drillings, which attain a length of up to 3500 meters (Avgamasya and Milli veins) and locally a width up to 80 m (Avgamasya vein). The author arrives at the conclusion that tectonic events, such as upthrusts and overthrusts, caused the opening of often irregular systems of deep-reaching, broad, gaping fissures. In particular, tilting of strata below the overthrusts was observed, whereas diagonal fissures are a very striking feature of the hanging parts. Soft masses of asphalt originating from a former oil horizon, intricately mixed with mineral substance, were squeezed into these fissures right up to the surface region, under the pressure of overlying rock masses. An «asphaltic pyrobituminous shale» in the «Cudi group» was recognized as one of the ancient oil horizons.

Keywords:

OCCURRENCES, THE ASPHALTIC, SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY,

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