MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES, AGES AND NEOTECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF PAMUKKALE TRAVERTINES

The Pamukkale travertines in the northern margin of the Denizli basin can be classified into five categories based on their morphology. These are: (1) terraced-mound travertines, (2) fissure-ridge travertines, (3) range-front travertines, (4) selfbuilt channel travertines, and (5) eroded-sheet travertines. Three of these classes, range-front travertines, self-built channel travertines and fissure-ridge travertines are of special tectonic significance because they contain syndepositional and postdepositional tectonic structures. Uranyum series dating method has been applied to the Pamukkale travertines and showed that travertine deposition has continued for at least the last 400 000 in different localities. Extensional fissures, that supply water to the travertines, have been dilating at average rates between 0.02 and 0.1 mm/yr, and propagating laterally at about 20 mm/yr. The time averaged rates of extension of the plateau as a whole having been between 0.23 and 0.6 mm/yr during the last 200 000 years.

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

Altun salsiz traverten- ler: Cumhuriyet Bilim Teknik, 339, 8-10.
; 1994, Active tectonics and the evolution of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, Vvestern Turkey, Ph. D. thesis, Bristol Uni- versity, Uk. (yayınlanmamış).
; ve Hancock, P.L., 1993a, Morphological features and tectonic setting of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, vvestern Turkey. Geol J., 28, 335-346.
; ve Hancock, P.L., 1993b Active fissuring faulting in Quaternary travertines at Pamuk- kale, vvestern Turkey: In: Neotectonics and Active Faulting (edited by Stevvart, l. S., Vita.Finzi, c. & Ovven, L. A.) Zeitschrift Ge- omorphologie Supplementary Volume, 94, 285-302.
; Hancock, P. ve Smart, P., 1994, Morpho- logical attributes of Pamukkale travertines and their relationship to active tectonic stretching: 47, Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı (Özet), Ankara.
; ve ; 1995, Formation of fissure-ridge travertines and their neotecto- nic significance, IESCA-1995, Güllük (Özet) (Muğla).
Atiker, M., 1993, Pamukkale: TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 26, 308, 495-498.
Bargar, K.E., 1978, Geology and thermal history of Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellovvstone Nati- onal Park, Wyoming: U.S.Geol.Surv.Bull., 1444.
Barnes, L; Irvvin, W.P. ve VVhite D.E., 1978, Global distribution of carbon dioxide discharges, and major zones of seismicity: U.S. Geolo- gical Survey, Water-Resources investigati- ons, 78-39, Open-File Report.
Bean, G., 1971, Turkey Beyond the Meander: Er- nest Benn, London. (Revised and edited by J.Bean [1980] and published by John Mur- ray, London [1989].
Blackvvell, B.B. ve Schvvarcz, H.P., 1986, U-series analyses of the lower travertine at Ehrings- dorf, DDR: Quaternary Research, 25, 215- 222.
Bögli, A., 1980, Karst Hydrology and Physical Spe- leology: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 284 s.
Buccino, S.G., D'Argenio ve Ferreri, V., 1978, l tra- vertini della Bassa Velle del Tanagro (Cam- pania) studio geomorphologico, sedimento- logico e geochimico (with English abstract): Boll. Coc. lt., 97, 617-646.
Canik, B., 1978, Denizli-Pamukkale sıcak su kay- naklarının sorunları: Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Jeo.Müh. Odası, 5, 29-33.
Chafetz, H.S. ve Folk, R.L., 1984, Travertines: de- positional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents: J.Sedim. Petrol., 54,289-316.
Eşder, T. ve Yılmazer, S., 1991, Pamukkale jeoter-. mal kaynakları ve travertenlerin oluşumu: Tıbbi Ekoloji ve Hidroklimatoloji Dergisi.
Ford, T.D. ve Pedley, M.H., 1992, Tufa deposits of the world: J.speleol.Soc.Japan, 17, 46-63.
Groff, F. ve Shevenell, L., 1987, Travertine depo- sits of Soda Dam, Nevv Mexico, and their implications for the age and evolution of the Valles Caldera hydrothermal system: Ge- ol.Soc.Am.Bull., 99, 292-305.
Gökalp, E., 1971, Pamukkale (Denizli) bölgesinin jeoloji ve hidrojeoloji etüdü: MTA Rap., 4561, 18 s. (yayımlanmamış).
Hayden, F.V., 1872, United States Geological Sur- vey of Montana and portions of adjacent ter- ritories: Fifth Annual Report of Progress.
Heimann, A. ve Sass, E., 1989, Travertines in the northern Hula Valley, Israel. Sedimentology, 36,95-108.
Irion, G. ve Müller, G., 1968, Mineralogy, Petrology and Chemical Composition of Soma Calca- reous Tufa from the Schvvabische Alb, Gre- many: In: Recent Developments in Carbona- te Sedimentology in Central Europe (edited by Müller, G. & Friedmann, G.M.) Spring- Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, pp.157-171.
Jones, J.C., 1925, Travertine Company report: Uni. of Nevada, Reno. UNR Special Collection, 88-29 (yayınlanmamış).
Julia, R., 1983, Travertines: In: Carbonates Depo- sitional Environments (edited by Scholle, P.A.; Bebout, D.G. & Moore, C.H.) AAPE, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
Koçak, A., 1976, Denizli-Pamukkale ve Karahayıt kaplıcalarının hidrojeolotik etüdü: MTA Rap. 5670, 21 s. (yayınlanmamış).
Koçyiğit, A., 1984, Güneybatı Türkiye ve yakın do- layında levha içi yeni tektonik gelişimi (Intra- plate neotectonic development of Southvves- tern Turkey and adjacent areas). TJK Bülte- ni, 27, 1-16.
Kronfeld, J.; Voggel, J.C.; Rosenthal, E. ve VVeins- tein-Evron, M., 1988, Age and paleoclimatic implications of the Bet Shean travertines: Quaternary Research, 30, 298-303.

ISSN: 0026-4563
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1950
Yayıncı: Cahit DÖNMEZ

Arşiv